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  • 2007 Volume 9 Issue 5
    Published: 25 October 2007
      
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  • ARTICLES
    Construction Model and Application for the Engineering of Fujian Provincial Digital Forestry
    CHEN Xing, XIAO Sheng
    2007, 9(5): 1-7.
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    In recent years, under the drive of Digital Earth, regional and industrial informanization has been developed rapidly in China. Taking the engineering of Fujian Provincial Digital Forestry as an example, this paper studies the construction model of predecessor basic projects including information standard systems, information sharing and integrated service, geomatics data of forest, information system security and technicians. With resources optimization and information sharing as the main line, the paper puts forward that (1) an overall solution scheme for information exchange and sharing should be accomplished by using XML & Web Services core technologies;(2) with the view of the standard going ahead and formulating information standard in order to standardize and guide the engineering construction of Digital Forestry, resources should be integrated, the greatest returns on investment should be yielded and a good technological groundwork of Digital Forestry development should be laid;(3) basic data construction should be strengthened and informationization application should be improved;and (4) the foundation role of training qualified people should be stregenthened and the integrated application level of the informationization engineering should be raised. Finally, this paper discusses the goal and mission, guilding ideology, construction rules, organizational management, guarantee measures and key business application system of the engineering of Fujian Provincial Digital Forestry.
  • ARTICLES
    Research on Dispatch of Dynamic Scene in Large Scope Outdoor Environment
    HU Bin, JIANG Nan, ZOU Zhiqiang, SHAO Hua, WANG Peng
    2007, 9(5): 8-13.
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    This paper analyzes traditional streaming-based method and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of octree scene organization. And then the paper introduces loose octree into dynamic scene organization and puts forward the concept of data dispatching pipeline. In addition, according to this concept, the corresponding method of dynamic dispatching based on coarse-granular pages and fine-granular tiles is put forward. It is a real-time dispatching method based on out-of-core terrain which uses coarse-granular pages to organize terrain and fine-granular tiles to embroider terrain, so it avoids reading from out-of-core terrain frequently and realizes delicate dispatch for the data of large scope terrain scene. There are some advantages of our method as following:by analyzing the dispatching process into each stage and frame of pipeline, it decreases the "explosive mode" memory and I/O request and ensuring stationarity;by making use of stages of data dispatching pipeline to manage the life cycle of page and tile, it avoids unnecessary costs of state transferring of page and tile;and by using memory pool to manage the allocation and recycle of memory, it has higher utilization efficiency to memory.
  • ARTICLES
    The Impact of the Pattern of Urban Architecture on Microclimate
    GAO Jianfeng, ZHUANG Dafang, HE Yuqin, PAN Jianjun
    2007, 9(5): 14-18,1.
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    This paper regards the unique building pattern of experiment building in Nanjing Agricultural University as an observation spot;meanwhile the daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature and mean temperature of the lawn inside and outside of the experiment building were measured respectively. The results indicate that because of the special building pattern, the difference in minimum temperature on sunny days is more than 4 ℃ between the building and the open space. However the difference in temperature during the cloudy and rainy days is minor, being generally less than 2 ℃. When the cold air comes in from the North, the difference in temperature often rises rapidly, this makes the daytime minimum temperature of the lawn inside the experiment building 4℃ higher than that of the open space. As the minimum temperature of the lawn outside of the experiment building reaches the critical low temperature of the orange tree at-4 ℃, the temperature of the lawn intra building still keeps at about 0℃. Just because of this reason, if we are to grow oranges under the same condition as outside of the experiment building, the oranges will not grow well;however, orange can grow very well under the same climate condition as that of the lawn inside of the experiment building. In other words, the microclimate has even caused the transformation of the distribution of the plant species. The mean differences in temperature are different at different time intervals of a day, the difference in mean temperature is the highest at 14:00h at noon, being 1.7℃;the next is at 08:00h in the morning and at 02:00h at night, being 1.3 ℃;and the lowest is at 20:00h, being 0.9 ℃. The pattern of urban architecture exerts a greatest influence on the minimum temperature in a day. The object of this paper is to emphasize the impact of the pattern of urban architecture on microclimate and to arouse public attention. Finally suggestion is given on how to rationally utilize urban buildings.
  • ARTICLES
    Rapid Surface Modeling of Large Strip Objects Based on Vehicle-borne Laser Scanning
    JIANG Shui, SHENG Yehua, LI Yongqiang, LIU Huiyun, DAI Huayang
    2007, 9(5): 19-23,30.
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    Some large objects, such as roads, bridges, tunnels and so on, have strip characteristics in spatial structure, so vehicle-borne laser scanning system has great advantage in gathering 3D information of these large strip objects. Laser scanners can record all the detectable data of the ground objects when gathering information and acquiring many scan lines, each scan line data in fact is equivalent to a cross section of the strip object, and these scan lines can divide the object into many narrow regions. If we build triangular mesh with two adjacent scan lines data, the corresponding narrow region will be overlapped accurately by the triangular mesh. All of the triangular meshes were merged into one big triangular mesh naturally without any extra operation and the whole large strip object is accurately described by this big triangular mesh. Topological relations were built automatically. Dynamic update was limited in the limited range and fit for rapid modeling.
  • ARTICLES
    The Research on Design of Tourist Map Website
    WU Zenghong, CHEN Yufen
    2007, 9(5): 24-30.
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    Owing to the rapid development of tourism and extensive application of the tourist web maps, tourist map websites are being promoted greatly, and will have a broad prospect of application. But currently the design of tourist map websites is also in a very disordered condition and a lack of theoretic guidence, hence the further development is restricted. Firstly this paper sums up the main problems existing in tourist map websites after analyzing many famous ones at home and abroad. Then it discusses the characteristics of tourist map websites, and classifies the websites according to the differences in the theme of tourist map websites and the functions of tourist web maps, after that, sums up the designing of different kinds of map websites. Finally, the authors identify the design principles of tourist map websites, and complete the design of the Henan tourist map websites according to the above principles.
  • ARTICLES
    Design and Development Based on Web GIS in Tourism Information System
    FENG Lei, WAN Qing, JIA Qinglei, SONG Bin, REN Fei, ZHAO Min
    2007, 9(5): 31-36.
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    With the rapid development of national economy, tourism has become an important part of finance. In the information and globalization age, how to use the information way to keep effective use of tourism resource, to meet the requirement of tourism consumers and to keep sustainable development of tourism has become the problems which we must deal with. According to the analysis of the problems that occur in the process of tourism informationization, this paper identifies the functions which the tourism information system should have and based on the requirement analysis it also discusses the framework and functions of the system. Furthermore, the author uses logic predicate formulas to design the logic task tree structure of the system in light of the result of requirement analysis and apply the logic structure model to the project of Shandong Province Tourism Map. Through the application of the model,we can control the schedule of development and define the emphasis of the system effectively. Now the system has run online and kept in good situation.
  • ARTICLES
    GIS for Express Establishment Management
    YANG Lin, SHA Wei, SHENG Yehua, QIAO Shijun
    2007, 9(5): 37-42.
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    The article introduces the implementation of data acquisition and relative GIS of express establishment based on vehicle-borne 3D data acquisition system. Namely, the stereo images, video images, 3D point cloud data, instantaneous coordinates and attitude of the roads and the geographical objects along them could be captured during the vehicle running on the control of GPS. Through the post-processing software the spatial coordinates can be figured out, and the spatial database, even the GIS of express establishment were founded based on geometric information and attribute information. The application proved that the processed spatial data had good accuracy. The system and application meets the demand of relative users and is worthy to be popularized widely.
  • ARTICLES
    An Attempt to Represent the Spatial Structure of Historical City with GIS:A Case of Dongjing, the Capital of the Northern Song Dynasty
    WANG Yifan, KONG Yunfeng, MA Haitao
    2007, 9(5): 43-49.
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    Spatially integrated research methodology has attracted more and more researchers in social sciences, and geographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly becoming a new tool for historical research. This paper attempts to introduce GIS to the research of historical city. Based on the archaeological discoveries, historical literatures and research records of Kaifeng, a GIS for historical Dongjing city, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, aiming to represent the urban spatial structure, is discussed. Mapping and GIS issues in system design, data collection and processing are explored. The preliminary implementation of Dongjing GIS shows that it is feasible to represent the urban space of ancient cities in GIS using existing archaeological discoveries, historical literatures and research records, and it is practical to organize most of the historical data spatially in WebGIS for sharing. The authors also expect to develop a new spatially integrated methodology for historical research.
  • ARTICLES
    Feature-based Line Process Spatio-temporal Data Model
    XUE Cunjin, SU Fenzhen, ZHOU Chenghu
    2007, 9(5): 50-56,128.
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    There exist spatio-temporal fields in objective world, where most phenomena have the dynamic characteristic, with its space, time and attributes changing continuously. And there are many challenges when applying traditional GIS's data models to describe, organize and represent these dynamic data. And further dynamic analysis is far more difficulty. However, the research on data models based features and data organization process-oriented objects have made a few progress in cadastral dynamic management, detection and analysis. Firstly, the sextuple description framework of the line process spatio-temporal data model based feature is discussed with the core ideal of object-oriented technologies, which can realize the unified storage and dynamic analysis of space, time and attributes. Then based on the analysis of the characteristic of line spatio-temporal process, 3 main classes and 12 kinds of line processes are inducted, and then the feature-based line process spatio-temporal data model is proposed. Furthermore, the UML framework is designed by applying object-oriented technology, and the file hierachical block based-raster model is presented aiming at organizing the line process data. Taking the ocean fronts as an example, the paper discusses the application of the model in spatio-temporal ocean fronts data organization, spatio-temporal inquiry, spatio-temporal information extraction, and spatio-temporal visualization. It is proven that the model is well applicable to line process data with the dynamic characteristics, and can also provide basis for spatio-temporal data model whole designing.
  • ARTICLES
    Dynamic Network Analyzing Technology of Typhoon Spatio-temporal Process and Illustration Researching
    FENG Wenjuan, DU Yunyan, SU Fenzhen
    2007, 9(5): 57-63.
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    The rapid development of web technology provided possibility for supporting spatio-temporal process information and analyzing timely on line, and as a powerful tool it can also provide support for forecasting meteorological ocean disaster process. And on the other hand, with the popularization of WebGIS technology, the web real time integration and visual expression of Geographic Information System (GIS) spatio-temporal analysis model are also required urgently by people. It is necessary to build a new kind of model or method of GIS according to the special characteristics. Based on the analysis of the latest WebGIS technology, this paper discussed the method of querying, analyzing and visualizing the spatio-temporal process dynamically on line. And taking the typhoon process as an example, it organized and expressed typhoon process data effectively in web environment, and also constructed a prototype of typhoon process web application system which can realize spatio-temporal process's dynamical querying, visualizing, simple spatial analysis, etc. Based on that, it realized a spatio-temporal influence analysis of typhoon motion. The system was accomplished based on ArcGIS Server in dot net environment. Practice that GIS spatio-temporal process web dynamical method introduced by this paper can publish spatio-temporal process information, analyze influence on the web and also can visualize space-time dynamically. Furthermore it can forecast and estimate disaster process such as typhoon and seaquake, and provide spatial technology support for making decisions.
  • ARTICLES
    The Water Distribution Model Application Based on Spatial Information Technology
    LEI Ying, JIANG Dong, YANG Xiaohuan, WANG Jianhua
    2007, 9(5): 64-69,127.
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    With rapid development of social productive force, the extent of human activities has been enlarged, which inevitably exerted impact on hydrological cycle. In recent years, water resources of the capital region have （Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei） faced a serious situation such as the crisis of water scarcity, water pollution etc. However, the simple qualitative hydrological analysis could not directly resolve the problem of deployment of water resources, which is considered to be important in sustainable development. This paper aims at developing a water resource spatial distribution model which adopts the linear weighted method, based on spatial information technology. Three nature-humanity mixed factors were introduced as the parameters of the model to spatialize the statistical data of total water resources quantity:slope, the distance to the river and land cover. Slope would change water storage capacity. Distance is used to represent the water utilization capacity. While different land covers would be corresponding to various infiltration, storage and evaporation characteristics. The Analytic Hierarchy Process method （AHP） is adopted to determine the adjusted weight which is subsequently used to calculate the distribution of each factor. Finally, the sub-basin water resources quantity, which is an average of the sum value in the past 45 years（1956-2000） were spatialized via those factors by GIS spatial analyzing function. The spatialized result shows high resolution and clear physical significance, visually depicts the spatial distribution of total water resource quantity. Combining with the "one axis three zones" regional developing plan, the paper gives an advice on the usage of sub-region water resource based on both the result and regional demand for water.
  • ARTICLES
    Consideration on GIS Spatial Analysis in Geospatial Data Processing
    YANG Haijun, SHAO Quanqin
    2007, 9(5): 70-75.
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    As the core of managing spatial data in GIS, the field of spatial analysis in physical geography becomes broader and broader. In the geospatial data processing, GIS spatial analysis is the theoretic and technical basis for analyzing, simulating, predicting and regulating the spatial processes. The spatio-temporal data models for spatial analysis are the impotent means to analyse a series of regional or global geographical problems in geoscience, which bring new challenges and opportunities to physical geography. Viewing from the definition and application of spatial analysis, the author studies and explains definition and development trend of spatial analysis, and draws the following conclusion:Firstly, modern geography needs more and more spatial analysis technology while the field of spatial analysis in physical geography becomes broader. Secondly, the spatial analysis becomes a major technologic approach in the research of physical geography. The method of processing geospatial data must integrate with spatio-temporal model, data mining, visualization, and the relevance of factor in multidimensional information space. In the near future, the combination of spatial analysis technology and integrative research of physical geography not only widens the field of spatial analysis technology but also drives rapidly the development of Geo-information Sciences. In a word, the combination of spatial analysis and integrative research of physical geography has already been one of the most important trends in the development of both modern physical geography and geo-spatial information sciences.
  • ARTICLES
    Study on the Running Configuration of SWAT Model
    KANG Jiewei, LI Shuo
    2007, 9(5): 76-82.
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    SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is a physically based, distributed non-point pollution model system developed by USDA. It can be used to model multiple geographic processes as well as predict the impacts of different management practices on water, sediment, agricultural chemical yields and pesticide fate in a river basin scale. Due to complex structure and too many components, SWAT model is difficult to modify or to be integratively applied with other models. In this paper, the inner running structure of SWAT was discussed based on the analysis of its components, and the core configuration file using for running model was presented with an example.
  • ARTICLES
    A Study on the Urban Growth and Thermal Environmental Changes of Beijing City Based on TM Imagery Data
    ZHANG Zhaoming, HE Guojin
    2007, 9(5): 83-88.
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    With the adoption of opening up and reform policy, the space of urban growth of Beijing city has been speeded up and a dramatic influence on its urban environment has been exerted. Urban growth, vegetation area changes and their influence on the thermal environment of Beijing city were analyzed based on the three scenes of Landsat5 TM data acquired on September 26th 1987, August 28th 1994 and August 31st 2001, separately. Radiometric normalization between the three images from different dates was made firstly, followed by information extraction of urban growth and vegetation changes. The generalized single channel algorithm proposed by Jiménez-Munoz J C, et al. in 2003 was applied to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) and thermal environmental changes were examined based on the normalized LST. The result shows that urban growth area coincides with the thermal intensified area and a good correspondence exists between vegetation increased area and thermal relieved area or no change area. The characteristics of urban growth and thermal intensified area changes were similar, both growing from the center of Beijing city to its outside in accordance with the ring road system.
  • ARTICLES
    Analysis of Tianjin Urban Expansion and Spatial Morphologic Change Based on GIS and RS in Recent 26 years
    CAI Bofeng, ZHANG Zengxiang, LIU Bin, ZHOU Quanbin
    2007, 9(5): 89-93,1.
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    The process and characteristics of urban expansion are analyzed using fractal dimension and compactness based spatial morphologic measurement coupled with land use change survey. The Tianjin city is selected as a study case with nine Landsat TM images abstracted in 26 years. The results showed that there are two terms of high speed urban expansions in this period. The latter one expanded fast than the former one but its morphologic metrics change speed was lower than that of the former. This means the latter term was more rational and regular. The metrics of urban morphology and urban land use are compulsory to each other which can be used to satisfactorily describe the process and characteristics of urban expansion.
  • ARTICLES
    Analysis on the Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Guangzhou City's Spatial Morphologic Evolution
    MU Fengyun, ZHANG Zengxiang, TAN Wenbin, LIU Bin
    2007, 9(5): 94-98.
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    Based on the historic literatures and remotely sensed images, this paper studies the spatial-temporal characteristics of Guangzhou city's spatial morphologic evolution in recent one hundred years, and summarizes the historic characteristics and the laws of urban development since the formation of Guangzhou, especially the period since the implementation of reform and open policies. On the whole, Guangzhou experienced two major stages, i.e., traditional urban development period before 1923 and modern urbanization development period from 1923 to 2004, covering several sub-periods of stabilization period and fast development period. The total increased built-up area of the city from 1979 to 2004 is 385.56 km2, an expansion of 3.46 times, and the average expansion rate is about 15.43 km2 per year. Many factors have contributed to the urban spatial morphologic evolution. But four major driving forces, i.e., economic development, institution and policy change, city planning and transportation system are the most important factors. Physiographic environment is the base of the city expansion;economic development is the inherent impetus for the evolution of the spatial morphology, and city planning plays a vital guiding role to the construction and development.
  • ARTICLES
    Combination of Remote Sensing and Meteorological Data for Fire Risk Monitoring-A Case Study in Peninsular Malaysia
    PENG Guangxiong, CHEN Yunhao, LI Jing, Norizan Abdul Patah
    2007, 9(5): 99-104.
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    Based on the physical concept of heat energy of preignition, a new fire susceptibility index (FSI) is used to estimate the forest fire risk. The computation of the index requires inputs of fuel temperature and fuel moisture contents, both of which can be retrieved using remote sensing data and meteorological data. FSIs are adjusted using fuel map acquired from remote sensing data. FSIs are computed in Peninsular Malaysia for nine days before fire and validated with MODIS hotspot data. Results show that FSI increases as the day gets closer to the fire day, and this trend can be observed obviously about four days before the fire day, so FSI can be used to evaluate forest fire risk. Apart from being a good estimator of fire risk, the physical basis provides more meaning to FSI, allows computations of ignition probabilities, and facilitates the development of a future class of fire risk models driven by underlying physical, chemical, and biological processes. Since the preignition energy is a physical variable, it can be used to compare fire risks across ecoregions and time periods.
  • ARTICLES
    The System Correction of Digital Image by CCD Camera of Whisk Broom Model in Middle-high Space
    WANG Junhua, PANG Yijie, WANG Jing, TANG Ping
    2007, 9(5): 105-109.
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    With the development of digital camera technology, the film-oriented airborne remote sensing platform is developing toward digital imaging platform. With the application of the latest aerial digital camera with CCD as its core in China,we analyse the imaging process, imaging model, geometrical distortion and its computing of digital image by CCD camera of whisk broom model in the middle-high space. According to the research of the imaging model of slantwise central projection, we bring forward the system correction method which is based on the imaging model of slantwise central projection in column with the flight displacement, correct the image geometrical distortion which is resulted from the installing obliquity and the flight displacement, and then test the necessity and the validity of the system correction by verifying the image mosaics.
  • ARTICLES
    An Analysis on Remote Sensing Image and Imaging Mechanism of Mound Tombs in Field——A Case Study in Huzhou Area of Zhejiang Province
    ZHU Weiping, FANG Qidong
    2007, 9(5): 110-114.
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    Mound tombs in Huzhou area of Zhejiang Province are widely distributed with large quantities. Establishing interpretation sign of the mound tomb's image which matches the real situation of the north of Zhejiang Province is the key technology to investigate, discover and study mound tombs. There are several kinds of mound tombs. This article summarizes the distribution of mound tombs and the image characteristics of many kinds, and also studies the images of other tombs and ground objects which are easily confused with mound tombs. Based on these work, the imaging mechanism of the tombs have been analyzed and summarized
  • ARTICLES
    Study on Multi-scale Segmentation of High Resolution Aerial and Satellite Images
    JIANG Miao, CHEN Xiuwan, WU Caicong, ZHANG Qing, TAO Yingchun
    2007, 9(5): 115-120,127.
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    This article analyses the aerial image, QuickBird and IKONOS images which cover the same area in the view of multi-scale segmentation,then discusses the different segmental effects under different segmental scales in different images. To boost up the recognizing ability, and to advance the precision and efficiency of the applications with aerial image and satellite image data, we discuss the best segmental scale to different objects and different images, and compare the final classification result. The result indicates the best segmental scale for aerial image, QuickBird and IKONOS image is 125,100 and 75 respectively. The classification precision of QuickBird is the best. Aerial image and IKONOS image's classification precision is approximate. So in the practical application, we can use aerial image to replace high resolution satellite images.
  • ARTICLES
    Virtualization of 3D Topographic Landscapes on RS Imagery——A Case Study of Sailipu District of Tibet
    XIA Qing, LIU Dengzhong, SHI Yong
    2007, 9(5): 121-123.
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    The remote sensing image can objectively reflect the characteristics of shape, structure and spatial relationship of the ground objects and enable us to get a macroscopic view of them. But the three-dimensional space cannot be reflected by two-dimensional plane. Sailipu will be taken as an example. The three-dimensional model of Sailipu is created by integrating image with Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The model describes the topographic characteristics of Sailipu truly and effectively.