地球信息科学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (9): 1341-1351.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.190160
• 专栏:青藏高原城镇化的生态环境影响数据挖掘 • 上一篇 下一篇
乔富伟1,白永平1,*(),周亮2,3,车磊4,曹鹏1,陈志杰1
收稿日期:
2019-04-08
修回日期:
2019-06-15
出版日期:
2019-09-25
发布日期:
2019-09-24
作者简介:
乔富伟(1989-),男,甘肃榆中人,博士生,主要从事区域发展与区域管理研究。E-mail: qfw279@126.com
基金资助:
QIAO Fuwei1,BAI Yongping1,*(),ZHOU Liang2,3,CHE Lei4,CAO Peng1,CHEN Zhijie1
Received:
2019-04-08
Revised:
2019-06-15
Online:
2019-09-25
Published:
2019-09-24
Contact:
BAI Yongping
Supported by:
摘要:
西藏高原土地面积广阔,但适宜人类居住的空间却高度集中于局部地区,其中雅鲁藏布江中游地区是西藏高原最重要的人口承载区。利用核密度、空间“热点”探测和地理探测器等方法,从“居民点斑块-样带-研究区全域”构成的点-线-面多尺度揭示了雅鲁藏布江中游地区城乡居民点的规模、形态和密度的空间分异特征,并分析了自然因素对城乡居民点空间分异的影响。结果表明:① 全域尺度上,雅鲁藏布江中游地区各乡镇居民点规模空间差异较大,基本形成以“彭措林乡-增期乡”为轴线的南北对称态势,居民点形态普遍规则,密度总体偏低;② 样带尺度上,仅有拉萨河样带的密度分布呈线性分布,雅鲁藏布江样带和湘曲-年楚河样带的规模、形态和密度以及拉萨河样带的形态和规模在各自方向上均呈现非线性分布,即居民点东西方向呈现分布规模和形态“两端大中间小”、分布密度“两端小中间大”的特征,而南北方向规模、形态和密度均呈现“南大北小”的特征;③ 斑块尺度上,居民点规模普遍较小,面积小于1000 m 2的数量高达19 099个,占比达到55.14%;斑块形态比较规则,形状为规则类型的数量有21 256个,占比为61.37%;分布密度整体偏低,全域仅为0.34个/km 2;④ 自然要素中,海拔对居民点规模和密度的影响最大,地势起伏度和河流邻近性对居民点形态影响显著,而降水量对居民点的规模、形态和密度影响均不显著。
乔富伟,白永平,周亮,车磊,曹鹏,陈志杰. 雅鲁藏布江中游地区城乡居民点多尺度空间分异及自然因素影响分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(9): 1341-1351.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.190160
QIAO Fuwei,BAI Yongping,ZHOU Liang,CHE Lei,CAO Peng,CHEN Zhijie. Multiscale Spatial Differentiation and Physical Influencing Factors of Urban and Rural Settlements in the Middle Reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019, 21(9): 1341-1351.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.190160
表2
雅鲁藏布江中游地区居民点规模、形态和密度自然因素的探测结果
海拔 | 坡度 | 气温 | 降水 | 地势起伏度 | 河流邻近性 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
规模 | 0.316 | 0.211 | 0.199 | 0.028 | 0.036 | 0.240 |
(0.00) | (0.04) | (0.00) | (0.44) | (0.08) | (0.01) | |
形态 | 0.180 | 0.121 | 0.140 | 0.050 | 0.200 | 0.160 |
(0.80) | (0.13) | (0.30) | (0.99) | (0.03) | (0.05) | |
密度 | 0.290 | 0.200 | 0.279 | 0.050 | 0.123 | 0.061 |
(0.00) | (0.02) | (0.00) | (0.13) | (0.00) | (0.04) |
[1] | Preucel R W . Settlement succession on the Pajarito Plateau, New Mexico[J]. Kiva, 2016,53(1):3-33. |
[2] | Talbot R K, Wilde J D . Giving form to the formative: Shifting settlement patterns in the eastern Great Basin and northern Colorado Plateau[J]. Utah Archaeology, 1989,2(1):3-18. |
[3] | Ahmed M . Rural settlement and economic activity: Olive oil and amphorae production on the Tarhuna Plateau during the Roman period[M]. Leicester: University of Leicester, 2010. |
[4] | Rademaker K, Hodgins G, Moore K , et al. Paleoindian settlement of the high-altitude Peruvian Andes[J]. Science, 2014,346(6208):466-469. |
[5] | 杜本峰, 张耀军 . 高原山区人口分布特征及其主要影响因素——基于毕节地区的Panel Data计量模型分析[J]. 人口研究, 2011,35(5):90-101. |
[ Du B F, Zhang Y J . Characteristics of population distribution in plateau mountainous areas and their major influencing factors: A panel data analysis in Bijie Area[J]. Population Research, 2011,35(5):90-101. ] | |
[6] | 周春山, 余波, 史晨怡 , 等. 援藏与西藏自治区经济发展耦合协调分析[J]. 地理科学, 2018,38(2):206-213. |
[ Zhou C S, Yu B, Shi C Y , et al. The coupling and coordinating analysis between aiding Tibet and economic development in Tibet autonomous region[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018,38(2):206-213. ] | |
[7] | Meyer M C, Aldenderfer M S, Wang Z , et al. Permanent human occupation of the central Tibetan Plateau in the early holocene[J]. Science, 2017,355(6320):64-67. |
[8] | 侯光良, 曹广超, 鄂崇毅 , 等. 青藏高原海拔4000m区域人类活动的新证据[J]. 地理学报, 2016,71(7):1231-1240. |
[ Hou G L, Cao G C, E C Y , et al. New evidence of human activities at an altitude of 4000 meters area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016,71(7):1231-1240. ] | |
[9] | Robbins G . Population dynamics, growth and development in Chalcolithic sites of the Deccan Plateau, India[M]. Eugene: University of Oregon, 2007. ] |
[10] | 杨阳, 侯光良, 孙璐 , 等. 青藏高原东北缘河谷地带史前聚落空间分布模式[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016,30(5):58-64. |
[ Yang Y, Hou G L, Sun L , et al. The spatial distribution patterns of prehistoric settlement of river valley in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources & Environment, 2016,30(5):58-64. ] | |
[11] | 马文参 . 当曲河流域牧区聚落演变及其资源环境效应[M]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2017. |
[ Ma W C . Settlements evolution in pastoral area and its effect of resources environment in Dangqu watershed[M]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences(Beijing), 2017. ] | |
[12] | 赵衍君, 刘峰贵, 陈琼 , 等. 1373-1596年河湟谷地聚落格局的时空演变[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016,30(8):68-74. |
[ Zhao Y J, Liu F G, Chen Q , et al. The temporal and spatial changes of settlement pattern in Hehuang Valley from 1373 to 1596[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources & Environment, 2016,30(8):68-74. ] | |
[13] | 傅小锋 . 青藏高原城镇化及其动力机制分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2000,15(4):369-374. |
[ Fu X F . An analysis of urbanization and its dynamical mechanism in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2000,15(4):369-374. ] | |
[14] | 石琳 . 西藏地区城镇空间结构演变研究[D]. 北京:北京建筑大学, 2016. |
[ Shi L . Study on the evolution of urban spatial structure in Tibet[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2016. ] | |
[15] | 樊杰, 王海 . 西藏人口发展的空间解析与可持续城镇化探讨[J]. 地理科学, 2005,25(4):3-10. |
[ Fan J, Wang H . Spatial analysis of population development and discussion of sustainable urbanization in Tibet[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2005,25(4):3-10. ] | |
[16] | 肖碧微, 周伟, 唐伟 , 等. 藏北高原重点生态功能区人口迁移趋势及对城镇化格局影响[J]. 山地学报, 2014,32(4):497-504. |
[ Xiao B W, Zhou W, Tang W , et al. Migration trends and effect on urbanization of key ecological functional areas of the Northern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Mountain Research, 2014,32(4):497-504. ] | |
[17] | 唐伟, 钟祥浩, 周伟 . 西藏高原城镇化动力机制的演变与优化——以“一江两河”地区为例[J]. 山地学报, 2011,29(3):378-384. |
[ Tang W, Zhong X H, Zhou W . The evolvement and optimization of urbanization dynamics in "Three-River Area" on Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2011,29(3):378-384. ] | |
[18] | 赵彤彤, 宋邦国, 陈远生 , 等. 西藏一江两河地区人口分布与地形要素关系分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017,19(2):225-237. |
[ Zhao T T, Song B G, Chen Y S , et al. Analysis of population distribution and its spatial relationship with terrain elements in the Yarlung Zangbo River, Nyangqu River and Lhasa River Region, Tibet[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017,19(2):225-237. ] | |
[19] | 廖顺宝, 孙九林 . 基于GIS的青藏高原人口统计数据空间化[J]. 地理学报, 2003,58(1):25-33. |
[ Liao S B, Sun J L . GIS based spatialization of population census data in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003,58(1):25-33. ] | |
[20] | 廖顺宝, 孙九林 . 青藏高原人口分布与环境关系的定量研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2003,13(3):62-67. |
[ Liao S B, Sun J L . Quantitative analysis of relationship between population distribution and environmental factors in Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J]. China Population Resources and Environment. 2003,13(3):62-67. ] | |
[21] |
钟静, 卢涛 . 基于地形起伏度的中国西南地区人口集疏格局演化研究[J]. 生态学报, 2018,38(24):8849-8860.
doi: 10.5846/stxb201712292352 |
[ Zhong J, Lu T . Spatial pattern of population distribution and its correlation with relief amplitude in southwest China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018,38(24):8849-8860. ]
doi: 10.5846/stxb201712292352 |
|
[22] | 赵卫, 沈渭寿, 邹长新 , 等. 雅鲁藏布江源头区居民点分布的影响因素[J]. 山地学报, 2012,30(6):728-736. |
[ Zhao W, Shen W S, Zou C X , et al. Effect on the distribution of residential points in the source region of the Yarlung Tsangpo River[J]. Mountain Research, 2012,30(6):728-736. ] | |
[23] | Li G, Jiang G, Jiang C , et al. Differentiation of spatial morphology of rural settlements from an ethnic cultural perspective on the Northeast Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. Habitat International, 2018,79(9):1-9. |
[24] | 成升魁, 沈镭 . 青藏高原人口、资源、环境与发展互动关系探讨[J]. 自然资源学报, 2000,15(4):297-304. |
[ Cheng S K, Shen L . Approach to dynamic relationship between population, resources, environment and development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2000,15(4):297-304. ] | |
[25] | 傅小锋, 郑度 . 论青藏高原人口与可持续发展[J]. 资源科学, 2000,22(4):22-29. |
[ Fu X D, Zheng D . Population growth and sustainable development in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Resources Science, 2000,22(4):22-29. ] | |
[26] | Qu Y, Jiang G, Zhao Q , et al. Geographic identification, spatial differentiation, and formation mechanism of multifunction of rural settlements: A case study of 804 typical villages in Shandong Province, China[J]. Journal of cleaner production, 2017,166:1202-1215. |
[27] | 张天柱, 张凤荣, 谢臻 , 等. 精准扶贫背景下云南少数民族山区农村居民点空间格局演变[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019,35(9):246-254. |
[ Zhang T Z, Zhang F R, Xie Z , et al. Spatial pattern evolution of rural settlements in mountainous areas of ethnic minorities in Yunnan Province under background of precise poverty alleviation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019,35(9):246-254] | |
[28] | 卢德彬, 杨建, 毛婉柳 , 等. 山区农村居民点空间分布特征与空间重构研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017,26(2):83-91. |
[ Lu D B, Yang J, Mao W L , et al. Research on spatial distribution characteristics and space reconstruction of rural settlements in mountainous areas[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2017,26(2):83-91. ] | |
[29] | 董光龙, 许尔琪, 张红旗 . 黄淮海平原不同类型农村居民点空间分布及变化特征研究[J]. 资源科学, 2017,39(7):1248-1258. |
[ Dong G L, Xu E Q, Zhang H Q . The spatial distribution and evolution of different types of rural settlements on Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[J]. Resources Science, 2017,39(7):1248-1258. ] | |
[30] | 杨勇, 邓祥征, 吴锋 , 等. 华北平原农村居民点演变及社会经济影响因素分析[J]. 人文地理, 2019,34(2):116-124. |
[ Yang Y, Deng X Z, Wu F , et al. An analysis of rural settlement evolution and socioeconomic affect factors in North China Plain[J]. Human Geography, 2019,34(2):116-124. ] | |
[31] | Yang R, Xu Q, Long H . Spatial distribution characteristics and optimized reconstruction analysis of China's rural settlements during the process of rapid urbanization[J]. Journal of rural studies, 2016,47:413-424. |
[32] | 孙鸿烈, 郑度, 姚檀栋 , 等. 青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设[J]. 地理学报, 2012,67(1):3-12. |
[ Sun H L, Zheng D, Yao T D , et al. Protection and construction of the national ecological security shelter zone on Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012,67(1):3-12. ] | |
[33] | Yanbo Q, Guanghui J, Yuting Y , et al. Multi-scale analysis on spatial morphology differentiation and formation mechanism of rural residential land: A case study in Shandong Province, China[J]. Habitat International, 2018,71(1):135-146. |
[34] | 曾璇, 崔海山, 刘毅华 . 基于网络空间点模式的餐饮店空间格局分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018,20(6):837-843. |
[ Zeng X, Cui H S, Liu Y H . Analysis on spatial distribution characteristics of restaurant based on network spatial point model[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2018,20(6):837-843. ] | |
[35] | 尹上岗, 李在军, 宋伟轩 , 等. 基于地理探测器的南京市住宅租金空间分异格局及驱动因素研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018,20(8):1139-1149. |
[ Yin S G, Li Z J, Song W X , et al. Spatial differentiation and influence factors of residential rent in Nanjing based on geographical detector[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2018,20(8):1139-1149. ] |
[1] | 谢静, 陈楠, 林偲蔚. 基于地形音乐的地形定量分析与空间分异研究—以陕北黄土高原为例[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2023, 25(5): 924-934. |
[2] | 谭德明, 饶佳艺. 深圳市都市型滨水空间活力影响因素分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2023, 25(4): 809-822. |
[3] | 侯玥, 徐成东, 刘伟, 殷倩. 气候变化情景下淮河上游流域氮排放预测研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2022, 24(8): 1558-1574. |
[4] | 单宝艳, 张巧, 任启新, 樊文平, 吕永强. 基于局地气候分区的济南市热环境空间分异及其 影响因素[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2022, 24(4): 711-722. |
[5] | 李大伟, 黄薇薇, 沈非, 程煜, 陈铭杨. 基于栅格的安徽省人居环境人文适宜性评价[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(6): 1017-1027. |
[6] | 秦佳睿, 盛业华, 王燕锋, 何育枫. 南京市住宅价格影响因素分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(5): 882-890. |
[7] | 雷雪, 周毅, 李阳, 王泽涛. 基于DEM的黄土地貌逼近度因子构建及特征分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(3): 431-441. |
[8] | 柳林, 纪佳楷, 宋广文, 廖薇薇, 余洪杰, 刘文娟. 基于犯罪空间分异和建成环境的公共场所侵财犯罪热点预测[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(11): 1655-1668. |
[9] | 金星星, 祁新华, 陆玉麒, 叶士琳, 王毅. 福建省高温热浪风险评估与空间分异研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(12): 1820-1829. |
[10] | 张琬卿, 赵书宁, 张冬韵, 董卫华. 尺度对人口地图空间分异规律认知的影响[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(10): 1396-1402. |
[11] | 王琛智, 张朝, 周脉耕, 殷鹏, 陶福禄, 金月雄. 低温对中国居民健康影响的空间差异性分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(3): 336-345. |
[12] | 翟召坤, 卢善龙, 王萍, 马丽娟, 李多, 任玉玉, 武胜利. 基于NSIDC海冰产品的FY北极海冰数据集优化[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(2): 143-151. |
[13] | 徐云鹤, 方斌. 江浙典型茶园土壤有机质空间异质性分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2015, 17(5): 622-630. |
[14] | 王旭红, 李飞, 张哲, 秦慧杰, 刘晓宁, 李钢. 遥感图像信息容量约束区间的选择与空间分异性[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2014, 16(1): 108-116. |
[15] | 李发源, 汤国安, 贾旖旎, 曹志冬. 坡谱信息熵尺度效应及空间分异[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2007, 9(4): 13-18. |
|