地球信息科学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (11): 1984-1997.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.210400

• 地球信息科学理论与方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于多粒度时空对象数据模型的城市基础设施建模与管理

杨飞1(), 华一新1,*(), 李响1, 李坡2, 杨振凯1, 曹一冰1   

  1. 1. 战略支援部队信息工程大学地理空间信息学院,郑州 450052
    2. 中科蓝迪软件技术有限公司,苏州 215200
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-16 修回日期:2021-08-30 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2022-01-25
  • 通讯作者: *华一新(1963- ), 男,江苏句容人,博士,教授,主要从事地理信息系统平台及其应用技术研究。E-mail: chxyhyx@163.com
  • 作者简介:杨飞(1991- ), 男,四川绵阳人,博士生,研究方向为时空数据挖掘、智能设施管理。E-mail: wildfre2017@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0502300)

An Urban Facilities Modeling and Management Method based on the Multi-granularity Spatiotemporal Object Data Model

YANG Fei1(), HUA Yixin1,*(), LI Xiang1, LI Po2, YANG Zhenkai1, CAO Yibing1   

  1. 1. Department of Geographic Information Engineering, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
    2. Bluethink Software Technology Company Limited, Suzhou 215200, China
  • Received:2021-07-16 Revised:2021-08-30 Online:2021-11-25 Published:2022-01-25
  • Contact: HUA Yixin
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China, No(2016YFB0502300)

摘要:

城市基础设施的全方位描述与信息化管理是建设新型智慧城市的重要基础。目前在城市基础设施建模与管理方面,以地图为模板的空间数据模型、传统的面向对象空间数据模型以及实时GIS数据模型不支持对时空对象组成结构、行为能力等要素的描述,无法全面、精细地表达设施对象信息,而计算机、物联网和地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)领域已有的城市基础设施管理方案忽略了对设施自身信息的管理,无法较好地支持设施对象及其产生数据的一体化管理。针对上述问题,首先通过扩展GBT30428.2-2013标准,完成了城市基础设施的分类与编码;然后基于多粒度时空对象数据模型(Multi-granularity Spatiotemporal Object Data Model, MGSTODM),提出了一种城市基础设施对象化描述模型,支持对城市基础设施信息的全方位描述与表达;在此基础上,提出一种城市基础设施对象化管理方法,设计了相应的技术架构,并研制了基于云存储的百万级城市基础设施对象化管理原型系统。试验结果表明,所提出的城市基础设施对象化描述模型与管理方法具备可行性、有效性和高效性。

关键词: 新型智慧城市, 城市基础设施, 分类编码, 多粒度时空对象, 对象化建模, 时空数据模型, 设施管理, 管理架构

Abstract:

The construction of new smart cities has been proposed as an important strategic goal in the 14th Five Year Plan of China. Information management of urban facilities lays a solid foundation for the construction of new smart cities, which relies on the standard, uniform, and detailed modeling and management of such facilities. Current solutions for urban facility modeling are mainly based on three models, i.e., spatial data model using maps as templates, traditional object-oriented spatial data model, and real-time GIS data model. However, limited by the traditional visualization approaches of computers, it is hard for spatial data model using maps as templates to describe and express the hierarchical structure, behavioral interaction, and other necessary information of urban facilities with the data organization method of “geometry & attributes”; traditional object-oriented spatial data model can be used to describe the geometry, attributes, and relationships of urban facilities, but the hierarchical structure and behavioral interaction are still not considered in this model; the object state of real-time GIS data model mainly records traditional spatial and thematic attributes of urban facilities, while lacking the description of the composition structure and behavioral capabilities of temporal and spatial objects. Therefore, all the three models are unable to support the comprehensive and microscopical expression of facility objects. Current related research of urban facility management can be seen mainly in the domains of computer, Internet of Things (IoT) or Geographic Information System (GIS). Research in the domains of computer and IoT mainly focuses on the management of the data generated by urban facilities, ignoring the management of the facilities' own information; real-time GIS in the domain of GIS realizes the management of the information of facility spatiotemporal entities by managing facility data instead of facilities themselves. For example, it expresses taxis and cameras with the real-time data stream of them. Therefore, it still cannot support the management of the facilities' own information. To solve the problems above, firstly the classification and coding of urban facilities was completed by extending the GBT30428.2-2013 standard; then an urban facility object description model based on the Multi-granularity Spatiotemporal Object Data Model (MGSTODM) was proposed, which supports comprehensive description and expression of urban facilities' information; furthermore, an urban facilities management method was proposed, with the design of the corresponding technical architecture and the implementation of the prototype system for the mega level urban facilities management based on cloud storage afterwards. Finally, the proposed object description model and management method of urban infrastructure was proved to be feasible, effective, and efficient.

Key words: new smart city, urban facility, classification and coding, multi-granularity spatiotemporal object, object-oriented modeling, spatiotemporal data model, facility management, management framework