地球信息科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (7): 1349-1362.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2022.210699

• 地理空间分析综合应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于供需匹配的养老服务设施规划布局研究

彭建东(), 邢露, 杨红()   

  1. 武汉大学城市设计学院,武汉 430072
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-02 修回日期:2022-02-05 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-09-25
  • 通讯作者: * 杨 红(1993—),男,贵州盘州人,博士生,主要研究方向城市交通与土地利用。E-mail: hyangup@whu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:彭建东(1968— ),男,江苏扬州人,教授、博士生导师,主要从事生态城市、城市历史保护、乡村规划方面研究。E-mail: 99339101@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52078390)

Research on Planning and Layout of Elderly Care Service Facilities based on Supply-Demand Matching

PENG Jiandong(), XING Lu, YANG Hong()   

  1. School of Urban Design Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
  • Received:2021-11-02 Revised:2022-02-05 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-09-25
  • Contact: YANG Hong
  • Supported by:
    Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52078390)

摘要:

人口老龄化是当前社会关注的重点问题之一,养老设施配置得合理与否对城市品质提升和社会公平地实现至关重要。当前对养老设施的研究已不在少数,但多从养老机构或社区养老设施的单一视角进行分析,评价内容集中于设施数量和空间分布的合理性,导致研究结果有所局限。因此,本文基于2018年武汉市社区级老年常住人口数据、2020年武汉市养老设施数据和道路交通等多源大数据,首先将社区养老设施纳入城市养老服务体系,并从养老设施和养老服务两大角度综合评价设施的供需匹配关系,结果表明: ① 区域层面,武汉市养老设施供需均呈现出中心城区集聚,外围分散的“核心-边缘”特征,但仍然存在数量等级体系不合理以及区域配置水平差距大等问题;② 社区层面,运用两步移动搜索法,发现武汉市养老设施供需匹配度:都市发展区>中心城区>外围城区;③ 养老服务上,武汉市医疗保健类和精神慰藉类服务供需匹配关系较差,且设施普遍缺少专业化的服务供给,高品质多样化的养老需求较难得到满足。针对武汉市养老设施和养老服务的供需匹配问题,本文从体系构建、空间布局以及实施管理方面提出了优化建议,同时运用最小设施点数模型将建议落实至空间层面,以期为类似地区养老设施规划提供有效参考。

关键词: 养老设施, 养老服务, 供需匹配, 两步移动搜索法, 最小设施点数模型, 养老设施服务体系, 空间布局, 武汉市

Abstract:

Population aging is one of the key issues concerned by the current society. Whether the allocation of elderly care facilities is reasonable or not is very important for the improvement of urban quality and the realization of social equity. At present, there are quite a few studies on elderly care facilities, but they mostly conduct analyses from a single perspective of elderly care institutions or community elderly care facilities, and the evaluation content is also limited to the rationality of the number and spatial distribution of facilities, resulting in one-sided research results. This paper utilizes multiple data sources including the data of community-level elderly permanent residents in Wuhan in 2018, the data of elderly care facilities in Wuhan in 2020, road traffic, and other big data. We first integrates community elderly care facilities into the urban elderly care service system, and then comprehensively evaluates the relationship between supply and demand of facilities from the perspectives of elderly care facilities and elderly care services. The results show that: (1) At the regional level, the elderly care facilities in Wuhan show the characteristics of "core edge" of agglomeration in the central urban area and dispersion in the periphery. There are still some problems in the supply level, such as unreasonable quantity hierarchy and large gap in regional allocation level; (2) At the community level, using the two-step mobile search method, this paper finds the matching degree of supply and demand of elderly care facilities in Wuhan: Urban Development Area > Central Urban Area > far urban area; (3) In terms of elderly care services, the supply-demand relationship between medical care and spiritual comfort services in Wuhan is poor, and the facilities generally lack professional service supply, so it is difficult to meet the high-quality and diversified elderly care needs. In view of the existing problems of the matching degree between the supply and demand of old-age facilities and the elderly population, this paper puts forward optimization suggestions from the aspects of system construction, spatial layout, and implementation management, and uses the minimum facility point model to implement the suggestions to the spatial level in order to provide effective reference for the planning of elderly care facilities in similar areas.

Key words: elderly care facilities, pension services, supply and demand matching, two step moving search method, minimum facility point model, elderly care facilities service system, spatial layout, Wuhan