地理信息系统研究新范式

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2023.220300

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着大数据时代的到来，地理信息系统（GIS）的时空范畴、信息内容和应用场景都得到了前所未有的扩展，地理信息系统需要由例外处理的被动适应方式，转变为内核支持的主动扩展方式，将地理信息系统扩展为新一代时空信息系统。本文在分析地理信息系统本质是以地图数据模型为核心的信息系统的基础上，从研究对象、基本原理和技术方法3个方面总结梳理了地理信息系统研究范式，并分析阐述了时空信息扩展对地理信息系统研究范式的新要求。其次，在分析全空间信息系统（PSIS）认知模型与多粒度时空对象数据模型的基础上，归纳出全空间信息系统基于时空实体的理论与技术路线，并总结其在多个领域的实践与应用。然后，系统分析了全空间信息系统对地理信息系统研究对象、基本原理和技术方法的具体扩展方式，提出全空间信息系统研究范式。最后，总结梳理了全空间信息系统研究范式的基本内容，并与地理信息系统研究范式进行了核心内容的分析对比，展望了地理信息系统研究范式进阶将带来的影响和变化。

关键词: 地理信息系统, 全空间信息系统, 研究范式, 时空信息, 时空实体, 时空对象, 数字世界

Abstract:

In the era of big data, the spatio-temporal category, information content, and application scenarios of Geographic Information Systems(GIS) have expanded unprecedentedly. GIS needs to transform from the passive adaptation mode of exception processing into an active kernel-supported mode, forming a new generation of spatio-temporal information system. Given that the essence of GIS is an information system with cartographic data model as the core, this paper summarizes the research paradigm of GIS from three aspects: research objects, basic principles, and technical methods, and analyzes the new requirements of spatio-temporal information expansion on the GIS research paradigm. Secondly, by analyzing the cognitive model of Pan-Spatial Information System (PSIS) and the multi-granularity spatio-temporal object data model, the theoretical and technical routes of the PSIS based on spatio-temporal entities are concluded, and its practice and application in many fields are summarized. Then, it systematically analyzes the specific extension mode of PSIS in GIS research object, basic principles, and technical methods, respectively, and proposes the PSIS research paradigm. Finally, this paper summarizes the basic content of the PSIS research paradigm, compares the core content with the GIS research paradigm, and looks forward to the impacts and changes that the advanced research paradigm of GIS would bring.

Key words: geographic information system, pan-spatial information system, research paradigm, spatio-temporal information, spatio-temporal entity, spatio-temporal object, digital world

华一新, 赵鑫科, 张江水. 地理信息系统研究新范式[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2023, 25(1): 15-24.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2023.220300

HUA Yixin, ZHAO Xinke, ZHANG Jiangshui. New Paradigm of Geographic Information Systems Research[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2023, 25(1): 15-24.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2023.220300

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	基本内容	内容描述	例外情况
研究对象	描述地理世界的数据	矢量、栅格数据为核心的地理空间数据	3D模型、点云、BIM等作为分离数据类型
基本原理	描述地理世界的原理	矢量、栅格数据模型	在数据结构上适当调整以适应新的应用需要
基本原理	认知地理世界的原理	基于矢量、栅格数据的分析和可视化	在数据结构上适当调整以适应新的应用需要
技术方法	地理空间数据技术	获取、处理、管理、分析、可视化	以矢量、栅格技术为核心，不断修补以兼容新数据类型

	基本内容	内容描述	范式进阶内容
研究对象	描述现实世界的数据	多粒度时空对象数据	①时空范畴扩展：由地理世界到现实世界 ②对象内涵扩展：GIS数据是多粒度时空对象的部分内容
基本原理	描述现实世界的原理	多粒度时空对象数据模型	①数据模型进阶：更全面、更动态、更关联、可演化地描述现实世界，多粒度时空对象数据模型包含GIS数据模型的信息内容 ②认知方式进阶：通过由多粒度时空对象组成的全空间数字世界认知现实世界
基本原理	认知现实世界的原理	全空间数字世界的交互、分析与可视化
技术方法	多粒度时空对象数据技术	获取、处理、管理、分析、可视化	新一代空间信息系统技术体系： ①面向时空对象的泛在时空数据获取与建模技术 ②时空实体数据整合与融合处理技术 ③面向时空对象的管理与共享技术 ④多粒度时空对象时空分析推演技术 ⑤时空场景可视化与交互技术