三江源生态工程实施前后长江源区宏观生态状况变化分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01069

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (8): 1069-1076.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01069

• 地理空间分析综合应用 • 上一篇下一篇

三江源生态工程实施前后长江源区宏观生态状况变化分析

刘璐璐^1,²(), 曹巍¹, 邵全琴^1,^*()

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2015-08-24 修回日期:2015-11-16 出版日期:2016-08-10 发布日期:2016-08-10
作者简介:
作者简介：刘璐璐（1988-）,女,山东人,博士生,研究方向为GIS与生态信息。E-mail:liull.11s@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（41571504）;国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC03B04);三江源智慧生态畜牧业平台建设项目（2015-SF-A4-1）;中国科学院特色研究所培育建设项目（TSYJS05）;中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目（KFJ-EW-STS-005-04）

Change of Ecological Condition in the Headwater of the Yangtze River Before and After the Implementation of the Ecological Conservation and Construction Project

LIU Lulu^1,²(), CAO Wei¹, SHAO Quanqin^1,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2015-08-24 Revised:2015-11-16 Online:2016-08-10 Published:2016-08-10
Contact: SHAO Quanqin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于NDVI时空序列数据,利用GLOPEM-CEVSA模型,本文估算并分析了长江源区1997-2012年植被覆盖度及植被净初级生产力时空变化特征,并在此基础上评估了生态工程实施前、后长江源区宏观生态状况变化。结果表明：工程实施后,长江源区宏观生态状况显著好转,植被覆盖度及植被净初级生产力明显增加。从多年平均值来看,工程实施后,植被覆盖度好转区域面积占植被区总面积的72.10%,净初级生产力增加区域面积占植被区总面积的73.82%;从变化趋势来看,植被覆盖度好转区域面积净增加13.02%,植被净初级生产力好转区域面积净增加24.62%。工程实施前后相比,各流域宏观生态状况恢复程度具有差异,其中楚玛尔河源头植被覆盖度上升最明显,通天河流域植被净初级生产力上升最明显。长江源区宏观生态状况的好转受益于气候的湿润化及生态工程的共同影响,若要全面有效改善仍需持续努力。

关键词: 长江源区, 植被覆盖度, 植被净初级生产力, 生态保护和建设工程, 生态成效

Abstract:

The positive effects of ecological conservation and construction projects on ecosystem restoration were obvious in the headwater of the Yangtze River. This paper estimated the vegetation coverage (VC) and net primary productivity (NPP) during the period of 1997-2012 in this region by applying the GLOPEM-CEVSA model and time series Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset. Then, the changes of ecological conditions before and after the implementation of projects were assessed. The results showed that the ecological conditions in the headwater of the Yangtze River were significantly improved after implementing the projects, with obviously increased VC and NPP. From the annual average levels of VC and NPP, we can see that by comparing the conditions before and after implementing the projects, the area with increased VC and NPP had accounted for 72.10% and 73.82% of the total area respectively. And by looking into the variation trends, we can also see that the area with restored VC and NPP had increased by 13.02% and 24.62% respectively. The vegetation restorations were varied in different watersheds. Compared the conditions before and after implementing the project, the restoration of VC in the headwater of the Chumaer River showed an obvious improvement and NPP had increased significantly in the Tongtian River watershed. The restoration of the ecological condition in the headwater of the Yangtze River was benefited from the combined effects of the humid climate and the ecological projects, while continuous efforts are still needed to improve the ecological environment sustainably and effectively in the future.

Key words: the headwater of the Yangtze River, vegetation coverage, net primary productivity, ecological projects, ecological effect

刘璐璐, 曹巍, 邵全琴. 三江源生态工程实施前后长江源区宏观生态状况变化分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(8): 1069-1076.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01069

LIU Lulu,CAO Wei,SHAO Quanqin. Change of Ecological Condition in the Headwater of the Yangtze River Before and After the Implementation of the Ecological Conservation and Construction Project[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016, 18(8): 1069-1076.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01069

图/表 13

图1

表1

图2

表2

图3

图4

表3

图5

表4

图6

图7

图8

图9

参考文献 20

[1]	邵全琴,樊江文.三江源区生态系统综合监测与评估[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
	[ Shao Q Q, Fan J W.Integrated monitoring and evaluation of ecosystem in the Three Rivers Headwaters Region[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2012. ]
[2]	李林,戴升,申红艳,等.长江源区地表水资源对气候变化的响应及趋势预测[J].地理学报,2012,67(7):941-950. doi: 10.11821/xb201207007
	[ Li L, Dai S, Shen H Y, et al.Response of water resources to climate change and its future trend in the source region of the Yangtze River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012,67(7):941-950. ] doi: 10.11821/xb201207007
[3]	吴豪,虞孝感.长江源自然保护区生态环境状况及功能区划分[J].长江流域资源与环境,2001,10(3):252-257. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-8227.2001.03.011
	[ Wu H, Yu X G.Ecological environment in the nature preserve of the source region of Changjiang river with the delineation of its ecological functioning zones[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2001,10(3):252-257. ] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-8227.2001.03.011
[4]	邵全琴,赵志平,刘纪远,等.近30年来三江源地区土地覆被与宏观生态变化特征[J].地理研究,2010,29(8):1439-1451. doi: 10.11821/yj2010080009
	[ Shao Q Q, Zhao Z P, Liu J Y, et al.The characteristics of land cover and macroscopical ecology changes in the source region of three rivers on Qinghai Tibet Plateau during last 30 years[J]. Geographical Research, 2010,29(8):1439-1451. ] doi: 10.11821/yj2010080009
[5]	Tong L G, Xu X L, Fu Y, et al.Wetland changes and their responses to climate change in the "Three-River Headwaters" region of China since the 1990s[J]. Energies, 2014,7:2515-2534. doi: 10.3390/en7042515
[6]	吴丹,邵全琴.近30年来长江源区土地覆被变化特征分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2014,16(1):61-69. doi: 10.3724/sp.j.1047.2014.00061
	[ Wu D, Shao Q Q.Characteristics of land cover change in headwaters of the Yangtze river over the past 30 years[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2014,16(1):61-69. ] doi: 10.3724/sp.j.1047.2014.00061
[7]	Liu X F, Zhang J S, Zhu X F, et al.Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the Three-River Headwaters Region during 2000-2011[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2014,24(2):288-302. doi: 10.1007/s11442-014-1088-0
[8]	张良侠,樊江文,邵全琴,等.生态工程前后三江源草地产草量与载畜压力的变化分析[J].草业学报,2014,23(5):116-123. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20140513
	[ Zhang L X, Fan J W, Shao Q Q, et al.Change in grassland yield and grazing pressure in the Three Rivers headwater region before and after the implementation of the eco-restoration project[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014,23(5):116-123. ] doi: 10.11686/cyxb20140513
[9]	李辉霞,刘国华,傅伯杰.基于NDVI的三江源地区植被生长对气候变化和人类活动的响应研究[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5495-5504.
	[ Li H X, Liu G H, Fu B J.Response of vegetation to climate change and human activity based on NDVI in the Three-River Headwaters region[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011,31(19):5495-5504. ]
[10]	姚玉璧,杨金虎,王润元,等.50年长江源区域植被净初级生产力及其影响因素变化特征[J].生态环境学报,2010,11:2521-2528.
	[ Yao Y B, Yang J H, Wang R Y, et al.Change feature of net primary productivity of natural vegetation and its impact factors over the source region of the Yangtze River in recent 50 years[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2010,11:2521-2528. ]
[11]	甘春英,王兮之,李保生,等.连江流域近18 年来植被覆盖度变化分析[J].地理科学,2011,31(8):1019-1024.
	[ Gan C Y, Wang X Z, Li B S, et al.Changes of vegetation coverage during recent 18 years in Lianjiang River watershed[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2011,31(8):1019-1024. ]
[12]	穆少杰,李建龙,杨红飞,等.内蒙古草地生态系统近10年NPP时空变化及其与气候的关系[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):6-15. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20130302
	[ Mu S J, Li J L, Yang H F, et al.Spatio-temporal variation analysis of grassland net primary productivity and its relationship with climate over the past 10 years in Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013,22(3):6-15. ] doi: 10.11686/cyxb20130302
[13]	李苗苗. 植被覆盖度的遥感估算方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2003.
	[ Li M M.The method of vegetation fraction estimation by remote sensing[D]. Beijing: Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2003. ]
[14]	王军邦,刘纪远,邵全琴,等.基于遥感-过程耦合模型的1988-2004年青海三江源区净初级生产力模拟[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(2):254-269. doi: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.003
	[ Wang J B, Liu J Y, Shao Q Q, et al.Spatial-temporal patterns of net primary productivity for 1988-2004 based on GLOPEM-CEVSA model in the “Three-river Headwaters” region of Qinghai Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009,33(2):254-269. ] doi: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.003
[15]	Liu R G, Chen J M, Liu J Y, et al.Application of a new leaf area index algorithm to China's landmass using MODIS data for carbon cycle research[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2007,85:649-658. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.04.023 pmid: 17123698
[16]	Dai S P, Zhang B, Wang H J, et al.Spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover on the Chinese Loess Plateau (1981-2006): Impacts of climate changes and human activities[J]. Science in Chinese: Series D, 2008,51(1):67-78. doi: 10.1007/s11430-007-0137-2
[17]	刘军会,高吉喜.气候和土地利用变化对中国北方农牧交错带植被覆盖变化的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2008,19(9):2016-2022.
	[ Liu J H, Gao J X.Effects of climate and land use change on the changes of vegetation coverage in farming-pastoral ecotone of Northern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008,19(9):2016-2022. ]
[18]	刘纪远,邵全琴,樊江文.三江源生态工程的生态成效评估与启示[J].自然杂志,2013,35(1):40-46.
	[ Liu J Y, Shao Q Q, Fan J W.Ecological construction achievements assessment and its revelation of ecological project in Three Rivers Headwaters Region[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature, 2013,35(1):40-46. ]
[19]	Zhang J P, Zhang L B, Liu W L, et al.Livestock-carrying capacity and overgrazing status of alpine grassland in the Three-River Headwaters region, China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2014,24:303-312. doi: 10.1007/s11442-014-1089-z
[20]	Jiang C, Zhang L.Climate change and its impact on the eco-environment of the Three-Rivers Headwater Region on the Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2015,12:12057-12081. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121012057 pmid: 26404333

植被覆盖度变化分级/（%）	工程实施前后植被覆盖度变化
植被覆盖度变化分级/（%）	面积/km²	面积比重/（%）
明显变差（<-10）	1698.92	1.57
轻微变差（-10~-2）	10 345.53	9.56
基本稳定（-2~2）	18 142.35	16.77
轻微好转（2~10）	50 071.14	46.28
明显好转（>10）	27 937.63	25.82

植被覆盖度变化趋势（年变化率）	生态工程前（1997-2004年）		生态工程后（2005-2012年）
植被覆盖度变化趋势（年变化率）	面积/km²	面积比重/（%）	面积/km²	面积比重/（%）
明显变差（<-0.01）	571.12	0.53	2 949.83	2.73
轻微变差（-0.01- -0.001）	25 514.45	23.57	19 719.31	18.22
基本稳定(-0.001-0.001）	23 635.64	21.84	12 961.12	11.98
轻微好转（0.001-0.01）	53 402.43	49.34	68 156.87	62.97
明显好转（> 0.01）	5 115.67	4.73	4 445.42	4.11

植被净初级生产力变化/（gCm^-2a^-1）	工程前后植被净初级生产力变化
植被净初级生产力变化/（gCm^-2a^-1）	面积/km²	占全区面积比重/（%）
明显减少（<-100）	152.04	0.14
轻度减少（-100~-50）	1 023.97	0.95
轻微减少（-50~-5）	11 578.77	10.69
基本稳定（-5~5）	15 595.60	14.40
轻微增加（5~50）	50 788.03	46.91
轻度增加（50~100）	19 794.80	18.28
明显增加（>100）	9 343.22	8.63

植被净初级生产力变化率分级/（gCm^-2a^-1）	工程前（1997-2004年）		工程后（2004-2012年）
植被净初级生产力变化率分级/（gCm^-2a^-1）	面积/km²	面积比重/（%）	面积/km²	面积比重/（%）
明显减少（<-50）	129.86	0.12	71.05	0.07
轻度减少（-50~-10）	11 746.68	10.85	5 023.11	4.64
轻微减少（-10~-1）	38 631.19	35.69	17 614.05	16.27
基本稳定（-1~1）	16 843.72	15.56	17 993.2	16.62
轻微增加（1~10）	32 797.12	30.30	49 638.97	45.86
轻度增加（10~50）	8 083.98	7.47	17 680.02	16.34
明显增加（>50）	0.00	0.00	212.15	0.20

三江源生态工程实施前后长江源区宏观生态状况变化分析

Change of Ecological Condition in the Headwater of the Yangtze River Before and After the Implementation of the Ecological Conservation and Construction Project

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 13

参考文献 20

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	王晓蕾, 石守海. 基于GEE的黄河流域植被时空变化及其地形效应研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2022, 24(6): 1087-1098.
[2]	张雄一, 邵全琴, 宁佳, 杨雪清, 巩国丽, 刘国波. 三北工程区植被恢复对土壤风蚀的影响及植被恢复潜力研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2022, 24(11): 2153-2170.
[3]	李玉, 张友水. 植被与不透水面的降温和增温效率分析方法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(9): 1548-1558.
[4]	龚围, 李丽, 柳钦火, 辛晓洲, 彭志晴, 邬明权, 牛铮, 田海峰. “一带一路”区域水电站工程生态环境影响遥感监测[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(7): 1424-1436.
[5]	高黎明,张乐乐. 青海湖流域植被盖度时空变化研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(9): 1318-1329.
[6]	程东亚,李旭东. 喀斯特地区植被覆盖度变化及地形与人口效应研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(8): 1227-1239.
[7]	李娅丽, 汪小钦, 陈芸芝, 王苗苗. 福建省地表温度与植被覆盖度的相关性分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(3): 445-454.
[8]	李杨, 王杰, 黄春林. 一种基于归一化扰动模型的积雪和植被覆盖度反演方法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(12): 1955-1964.
[9]	熊俊楠, 彭超, 程维明, 李伟, 刘志奇, 范春捆, 孙怀张. 基于MODIS-NDVI的云南省植被覆盖度变化分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(12): 1830-1840.
[10]	温小乐, 李洋, 林征峰. 海岛建设引发的植被覆盖度变化的遥感分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(2): 273-280.
[11]	王恩鲁, 汪小钦, 陈芸芝. 时间序列植被覆盖度断点检测方法研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(10): 1355-1363.
[12]	符静, 秦建新, 张猛, 龙岳红. 2001-2013年洞庭湖流域植被覆盖度时空变化特征[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(9): 1209-1216.
[13]	胡秀娟, 徐涵秋, 黄绍霖, 张灿, 唐菲. WorldView-2近红外光谱波段反演马尾松植被信息的比较研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(4): 537-543.
[14]	肖潇, 冯险峰, 孙庆龄. 利用MODIS影像提取火烧迹地方法的研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(11): 1529-1536.
[15]	王猛, 李贵才, 王军邦, 孙晓芳, 郭兆迪. 印度植被净初级生产力的时空变异及其影响因素分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2015, 17(11): 1355-1361.