高分辨率遥感影像阴影与立体像对提取建筑物高度比较研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01267

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

建筑物高度信息的快速准确获取对于城市规划管理、生态环境评价具有重要意义。本文以南京市主城区为研究区,选择2011年Geoeye-1卫星高分辨率遥感影像立体像对数据,结合Google Earth数据及实地建筑物高度测量,分别利用单幅遥感影像和立体像对计算建筑物高度,并以实测建筑物高度数据验证不同方法的提取精度,进而比较这2类方法的优缺点。结果表明：利用立体像对提取建筑物高度的方法更加精确,提取结果误差在2.8 m以内,能够快速地获取大范围建筑物高度,具有实用价值;单幅遥感影像阴影提取建筑物高度适用于建筑物高大、毗邻建筑物间隙大、周围无遮挡的情况,而立体像对提取建筑物高度不受建筑四周环境影响,在建筑物密集分布、高度均一的情况下,其普适性更强。

关键词: 遥感, 高分辨率影像, 图像阴影, 立体像对, 建筑物高度

Abstract:

The accurate and quick acquisition of building height information has great significance to urban planning management and ecological environment assessment. In this paper, Geoeye-1 remotely sensed stereo images combined with the Google Earth data are used to estimate the building heights in Nanjing's central urban area by methods of single scene image and stereo images respectively, which are further validated using the field measured building heights. Firstly, after extracting the building shadow information by threshold segmentation and morphological optimization method, the building height can be calculated according to the geometric relationships between the sun, the satellite and the building. Secondly, the rational function model of stereo images is established based on the mathematical relationship between the three dimensional coordinates of the ground points and the coordinates of their corresponding image points in the image plane coordinate system, which can be further optimized using the measured ground control points data. The actual building height is then calculated by subtracting the terrain height from the height got from the rational function model. Finally, the measured building height data is used to validate the precision of the calculated results from two different methods. Furthermore, this paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods and analyzes their application precisions with respect to different building types. Results show that the method based on the stereo images is more accurate with a root mean square error within 2.8 m. The method of calculating building height through stereo images proves to be more practical because it obtains the building height information more quickly and accurately. The method of extracting building height using the shadow information from single image is suitable for tall buildings without shelter and keeping a long distance from the nearby buildings, while the method from stereo images is not affected by the surrounding buildings and is more capable for the condition of intensive building distribution with uniform heights.

Key words: remote sensing, high resolution images, image shadow, stereo images, building height

陈亭, 祝善友, 张桂欣, 高玚. 高分辨率遥感影像阴影与立体像对提取建筑物高度比较研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(9): 1267-1275.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01267

CHEN Ting,ZHU Shanyou,ZHANG Guixin,GAO Yang. A Comparative Study on Building Height Extraction Based on the Shadow Information in High Resolution Remote Sensing Image and Stereo Images.[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016, 18(9): 1267-1275.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01267

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建筑物类型	阴影方法	立体像对方法
居民住宅建筑	4.4	2.5
商业建筑	3.1	2.8