我国农村经济在城乡统筹规划的进一步实施中迅速发展起来。大城市周边远郊区县农村在大城市的影响下,其经济发展具有其不同于一般农村的规律特性。本文采用北京市房山区2004-2009年农村人均纯收入(人均劳动所得)为变量提取出相对经济发达指数指标,以经济分级和空间相关性分析为方法,对房山区453个村的经济发展空间分布状况进行了GIS制图分析。同时,结合获得的经济分级图、Moran散点图和LISA图与其他地理信息,揭示了作为北京大都市周边远郊区县的房山区农村区域经济发展和差异的空间格局规律。结果表明:房山区农村经济发展水平呈现东西高中部低的"U"字型,土地利用类型、地形因素、乡镇中心的辐射作用与道路发达程度对经济发展水平影响明显;经济发达指数总体上存在正的空间相关性,空间聚集特征明显,局部空间相关性与该区经济发达程度相对应,并具有空间异质性;同时采用经济发展的相对指标作为研究数据支持,降低了农村经济发展研究时由于使用的统计数据不一致而导致衡量经济发展的障碍。
Rural economy has developed greatly and rapidly in China since several years ago. The suburban countryside around metropolis is greatly affected by big cities, whose economic development has characteristics that different from the general laws of the countryside. In this paper we took rural per capita net/labor income in year 2004 to 2009 as variables to extract economic development relative index. Based on the methods of economic classification and spatial autocorrelation analysis in GIS, taking village as the basic analysis unit, we analyzed and mapped the spatial distribution of 453 villages' economic development in Fangshan District. Through analyzing the economic development zoning maps, Moran scatter plots, LISA maps and related geographic auxiliary data, the spatial pattern and differences of regional economic development were revealed. Taking year 2006 as an example, geographic data was used to analyze the correlation between rural economic development and the geographical elements. The results show that the spatial distribution of rural economic development in Fangshan District is shaped as "U", which means that the development level of the east and west regions is higher and the middle region is lowest. The development level of rural economy is significantly influenced by topographic factor, the "radiation effect" of town center and the development level of road net. And there is a strong positive spatial correlation among the economic development relative indices, and the characteristic of spatial aggregation is obvious. Through analyzing the economic development zoning maps and the LISA maps, it implies that local spatial correlation corresponds with regional economic development level, and the spatial heterogeneity problems also exist in local rural economy. And relaying on economic development relative index other than inconsistent statistical data to study rural economy reduces the barriers in measuring economic development for a certain region.
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