地理信息资源共享是随着人类文明的诞生而出现的,自古以来人们都在共享他人的信息。目前,地理信息共享主要指在信息技术与网络技术条件下地理信息的共享,它是一个复杂的交流工程,要解决技术、标准和管理等一系列的共享环境问题。地理信息共享涉及国家的经济、政治与军事等诸多领域。共享的根本目的是为最大程度地利用资源,其利用的基本途径有:一是增加可利用信息的数量,提高其质量;二是加快信息利用速率。如何疏通这两条途径:一方靣依靠科学技术,降低对信息的认识与利用的不确定性,即按客观规律来认识与利用信息;另一方面是管理,即将能正确反映客观规律的认识提升为管理规则,作为人们认识与应用的指南。所有这些认识与应用的共享行为都是由人来完成的,而人们的行为也遵循经济规律与社会发展规律。当今产权理论的核心内容,就是鼓励人们去认识与应用客观事物,以便把资源最大程度转化为社会财富。为此,本文分析了地理信息共享的定义与目的,提出了地理信息共享是一个由地理信息、技术、规则所组成的系统,最后分析了产权在共享中的地位。

Geographic information sharing emerged with the birth of human civilization, since ancient times people are sharing information to others. At present, geographic information sharing, which is supported by information technologies and network technologies, is a complex project that needs to solve the problems of technology, standard and policy. Geographic information sharing is related to many domains, such as national economic, political, military, and so on. The fundamental purpose of information sharing is to share the maximum use of resources. We have some approaches to do it: to increase the amount of information and to improve their quality, and to speed up the rate of information utilization. There are two ways to achieve the goal. Firstly, depending on science and technology, it reduces misunderstanding and uncertainties in information utilization, in other words, according to objective laws to understand and use information. Secondly, how to produce management rules which will be used as guideline for understanding information and using information from understanding which reflect objective laws accurately. All of these sharing behaviors for understanding and using information are done by people, and people's behavior also follows the economic rules and laws of social development. The core of today's theory of property rights is to encourage people to understand and apply objective things, in order to maximize their resources into social wealth. This paper discusses definition and purpose of geographic information sharing, and presents that geographic information sharing is a complicated system consisting of geographic information, information technologies, and information sharing rules. At the last, this paper analyzes the position of geographic information resources property in geographic information sharing.