本文简要分析了HYDRO1K、SRTM3-2、ASTER GDEM 3种数据源基本特征,对数据的水平空间分辨率、现势性、覆盖范围、误差来源进行了比较;阐述了Arc Hydro Tools提取数字河网、划分流域及子流域方法的关键步骤;并以洮儿河流域为研究对象,分析了有(无)河网辅助条件下,3种初始DEM在不同地貌类型中数字河网提取、流域及子流域划分的准确度。研究结果表明:(1)无河网辅助条件下,中山、低山-丘陵地区用三种DEM提取的数字河网与实际均比较吻合;平原地区HYDRO1K提取的主河道与真实主河道相似性较高,而SRTM3-2、ASTER GDEM均出现较大偏差,ASTER GDEM偏差更大;3种DEM提取的流域边界与实际流域边界存在一定的偏差;(2)有河网辅助的条件下,经过河网与流域边界校正后,3种DEM在中山、低山-丘陵地区提取的数字河网,以及平原地区提取的主河道与真实河网与主河道相似性很高,SRTM3-2、ASTER GDEM提取的数字河网改善明显;3组DEM提取的流域边界与实际流域边界较为接近,其中,HYDRO1K提取的流域边界与实际边界基本吻合。
To extract digital rivers, catchments and sub-catchments from DEM is a fundamental problem in hydrologic analysis, simulation and non-point source (NPS) pollution management. The method and the accuracy of extraction from different DEMs were introduced. This paper mainly includes three parts. Firstly, the fundamental characteristics of HYDRO1K, SRTM3-2 and ASTER GDEM were analyzed, and the differences of spatial resolution levels, trends, coverage area and errors of the three data sources were compared. Secondly, the key steps of extracting digital drainage networks and catchments and sub-catchments boundary from DEM by using Arc Hydro Tools were discussed, which includes DEM Reconditioning, Build Walls, Adjust Flow Direction in Lakes and Flow Direction with Streams. Thirdly, Taoerhe drainage was choosed to be the study area, and the classified accuracy of drainage network extraction, catchment and sub-catchments delineation from multisource DEMs at different landscapes’ types with or without the river vector data has been studied. Results showed that: (1)Without aid of river vector data, digital drainage networks of medium mountains and low mountains-hills, which extracted by three types of DEM mentioned above, were consistent with the real river networks. Furthermore, the main channels extracted by HYDRO1K were similar with the real main channels, while there were great deviation between the real main channels and the main channels extracted by SRTMS-2 and ASTER GDEM, especially by ASTER GDEM. There were a little difference between the real drainage boundary and the boundary extracted by HYDRO1K, SRTM3-2 and GDEM. Therefore, it could be a good choice of extracting hydrographic patterns from HYDRO1K without aid of river vector data. (2)By aid of real river networks, digital drainage networks of medium mountains and low mountains-hills, extracted by three types of DEM, were consistent with the real river network, the same to the main channels, especially digital drainage networks extracting from SRTM3-2 and ASTER GDEM have got great improvement. The drainage boundary extracted by HYDRO1K, SRTM3-2 and GDEM conformed to real drainage boundary, especially HYDRO1K has got a good result.
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