本文对突发性大气污染事故应急监测系统的总体需求、体系结构、功能模块和关键技术进行了分析。通过分析突发性大气污染事故应急监测工作业务流程,提出系统的建立需在存储和管理多种应急监测相关数据的基础上,并与应急监测业务保持一致。为保证系统的高安全性、实时性与可靠性,采用部署在局域网内的客户机/服务器体系结构。本文详细阐述了系统的基础信息管理、应急监测响应、现场应急监测、事故恢复监测四大功能模块,并分析了系统建设过程中对于多种空间对象的定位与查询、大气污染危险区界定、监测数据的表达与分析这三处包含空间位置信息处理的关键技术。结果表明,相对于传统手段,本文的研究成果有利于应急监测人员快速响应与处理突发性大气污染事故。

Emergency monitoring is a very important step in response to dealing with sudden air pollution accidents; however, the traditional monitoring methods sometimes appear passive effects in practice, owing to the lack of techniques. In this paper, we presented and discussed the overall requirements analysis, the system architecture, four function modules and three key technologies of the emergency monitoring system to sudden air pollution accidents. Through analyzing the working process of air pollution emergency monitoring, we proposed that the design and development of the system should base on the storage and management of a variety of emergency monitoring data, and accord with the working process of emergency monitoring. The system uses Client/Server architecture, and is deployed in the Local Area Network to ensure a highly safe reliable and real-time environment. In this paper, we discussed the four function modules in detail and analysis the three key technologies that contain spatial information processing. The four function modules are basic information management, emergency monitoring response, spot emergency monitoring and recovering monitoring. And the key technologies are the location and query of varieties of spatial objects, the definition of air pollution accident danger zone through integrating Gaussian pollution dispersion model, and the expression and analysis of monitoring data by comprehensive use of statistical charts and contours. The result shows that comparing with traditional methods, this emergency monitoring system helps to respond sudden air pollution accidents more rapidly for the emergency monitoring staff.