本研究以三峡库区小江流域为研究对象,在综合考虑陆域、水体、社会经济对流域水环境影响的基础上,建立了水环境综合区划的指标体系,同时根据DEM划分了流域综合区划的基本单元。在主导因素法和空间叠置法的基础上,通过GIS分析工具,对小江流域的水环境进行了综合区划,分为3个一级区域,分别为北部水源涵养和保育区,南部污染控制区,以及小江干流富营养控制区。并根据区域的不同特点,提出了区域面临的主要环境问题、环境保护要求,以及措施。其中,北部水源涵养和保育区植被生态效益不高,退化明显,要求保护好现有林分,严禁乱砍滥伐,实施封山育林;南部污染控制区林草覆盖度较低,水土流失十分严重,工业污染源排放是造成水质变化的最主要因素,需要以污染控制为主;小江干流富营养化控制区是三峡库区最大的消落带区,要求在妥善安置移民的同时,重点加强水体富营养化的治理。本文通过小江流域的案例研究,提出了小江流域水环境分区管理的方法,为我国水环境综合管理提供了技术借鉴。

In this study, taking Xiaojiang Watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area as the research object, comprehensively considering the effects of land system, aquatic system, and socio-economic system on the water environment, an index system of integrated water environment regionalization was established, and the basic unit of division was developed under the watershed DEM. In accordance with the method of dominant factors and space overlay, combined with GIS software, integrated water environment regionalization in Xiaojiang Watershed was separated into three zones, i.e. water conservation and ecological conservation zone in the north, pollution control zone in the south, and eutrophication control zone on the mainstream area of Xiaojiang Watershed, respectively. And according to the characteristics and the main environmental problems of the region, put forward environmental protection requirements and measures. In the water conservation and ecological conservation zone, vegetation are not high, and degradation is obvious, requesting to protect existing forest, prohibite excessive deforestation, and facilitate afforestation; in the pollution control zone, forest and grass cover is low, soil erosion is very serious, and industrial pollution emission is the most important factor causing changes in water quality, needing to take pollution control as the main approach; Xiaojiang Watershed is the largest fluctuation band in Three Gorges Reservoir eutrophication control area, requiring proper resettlement, while focusing on strengthening eutrophication management. By exploring the integrated environmental management approach in Xiaojiang Watershed, we proposed zone management of water environment as a new idea, in order to improve the management of water environment in China.