资源环境承载能力作为主体功能区划评判的主要依据之一,其反映了资源环境同人类经济、社会活动相互匹配与适应的关系,是主体功能区划研究和实践的重点。本文重点分析了现有资源环境承载力含义、相关指标以及指标测算方法等相关研究成果, 并在省级主体功能区划中资源环境承载力测算和评价实践的基础上,针对现有评价指标体系和计算方法主要从资源环境的自然属性出发,忽略了人类社会对自然的改造能力,无法全面表征资源环境实际承载能力的问题,提出以空气、水、土地、能源和生态5类要素作为约束区域发展的主要因子,分别从资源属性和环境属性两个方面,对每类要素进行单因子发展潜力评价,在现有测算自然总量的计算方法的基础上,通过增加人类科技的贡献分量作了改进。 结合省级主体功能区划评价实践,对其中资源环境承载力指标,以及指标的计算方法进行了讨论。
Resources and environment carrying capacity, which is one of the main basis for the evaluation of principal function area division, reflects the adaptive relationship between resources and environment, human economic and social activities, and is also one of research and practice focuses in principal function area division. In this paper, we analyzed the meaning of present researches about resources and environment carrying capacity, the related indexes and their evaluation methods, and discussed the practice about resources and environment carrying capacity calculation and evaluation in principal function area division at provincial level. The existing index system and index calculation methods were created on the base of natural properties only, and ignored the impact of human activities on natural resources and environment, and can't fully characterize the actual carrying capacity of resources and environment of the evaluation area. In order to solve these problems mentioned above, we proposed to use air, water, land, energy and ecology as five main natural constraint elements of regional development, and evaluated each element from both resources and environment attributes about its development potential. In addition, we improved the index calculation methods through increasing the contribution of human science and technology component over the existing method, i.e. calculation of total amount of nature. Based on the above ideas, we took principal function area division at provincial level as an example to propose a resources and environment carrying capacity evaluation index system, which contains 5 elements and 16 indexes, on the base of analyzing the existing 5 resources and environment related indexes. Finally, "water environment capacity" index was selected to explain the improved methods of index calculation. This index system and index calculation method can be used in some related filed also.
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