森林植被碳密度是衡量森林生态系统服务功能和产品供给功能高低的一个重要指标。本文以四川省石棉县为例,在森林资源二类调查数据的基础上,提出建立森林植被生物量、碳量及其密度GIS数据库,开展其碳密度分布知识发现的研究,从中发现了该县碳密度分布知识。该县有林地森林植被碳量达到364万t,冷杉、云杉、铁杉和桦木占总碳量的83%;有林地森林植被碳密度为40t/hm2,其云杉和冷杉分别为47t/hm2和43t/hm2;碳量随坡度等级的增加而增加,25°以上坡地的森林植被碳量占总碳量的91%;25°以上森林植被碳密度比25°以下森林植被的碳密度高。微度与中度土壤侵蚀下的森林植被碳密度较高,在42t/hm2以上;剧烈与极强侵蚀下的森林植被碳密度相对较低,为29t/hm2。森林植被碳密度与郁闭度之间在0.05的水平上显著相关。研究表明,该县冷杉与云杉林保护较好,25°以上区域的森林保护较好,因此,具有较高的森林植被碳密度。森林植被碳密度越高的区域,其水土侵蚀强度越低。该研究成果对加强该县森林资源的保护,特别是该县国家与省级自然保护区的保护建设具有重要意义。
Forest carbon density is an important indicator reflecting the level of forest ecosystem function in ecological service and product supply. The methodology proposed here was used to create geographic database of forest biomass carbon storage, biomass density and carbon storage density based on forest resource investigations, and to discover the knowledge of forest carbon density distribution based on the geographic database. The geographic database of forest biomass carbon storage, biomass density and carbon storage density were created, and the knowledge of forest carbon density distribution was discovered in Shimian County by using the methodologies. There was 3.64×106ton C in the forest of the county, and there was 83% in fir, spruce, hemlock and birch forest. The carbon density of the woodland was 40 t/hm2, that of the spruce forest was 47 t/hm2, and that of fir forest was 43 t/hm2. With the increasing of slope, carbon storage increased, and with slope above 25° accounted for 91% of the total carbon storage. Carbon density in slopes above 25°was larger than that below 25°. Carbon density of the forest lands with very slight and moderate soil erosion was 42 t/hm2, higher than those with severe soil erosion, say 29 t/hm2. Forest carbon density significantly related to its canopy density at confidence level of 0.05. It was shown that spruce and fir forests were protected well, and of higher carbon density. The higher the carbon density, the weaker the soil erosion was there. The results played an important role in protecting forest resources, especially for provincial and national nature reserves in that county.
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