城市环境影响评价是城市规划与可持续发展中的一个重要问题。从规划部门对设计方案进行分析比较、定量评估的实际需求出发,采用地理信息数据处理与模拟等技术,归纳了GIS的评估指标体系。针对城市总体规划方案,将GIS数据引入气象模型,建立城市规划气象GIS论证评价技术路线;对规划方案进行空间概化、划分并识别单元特征,通过土地利用回归法(LUR)建立了基于空间单元的城市规划大气环境、水环境和噪声环境模拟适用模型;并在案例城市总体规划与方案编制中应用,以及环境影响的定量评估,为优化城市整体规划和局部布局提供了科学依据。城市规划环境影响GIS的评价,对于城市总体规划方案的制定,指导城市定位与发展方向的合理性和生态环境适宜性有着重要的辅助决策作用。
Urban environmental impact assessment is an important problem in urban planning and for urban sustainable development. According to the need of analysis, comparison and quantitative evaluation to design plans by relative departments, we established an urban planning environment simulation model for design and implementation of urban master planning. The model was composed of three sub-models, i.e. atmospheric environment, water environment and noise environment simulation models, involving GIS techniques such as establishing of regional boundary layer mode (RBLM) and urban planning meteorological feasibility evaluation technique route, and using of land use regression (LUR) method. The modle was used in a case city. We quantitatively evaluated the environmental impact before the implementation of the urban planning scheme. This is helpful for the optimization of whole urban planning and part arrangement in a city.
[1] 刘磊. 城市总体规划环境影响评价研究[J].城市问题.2008,4:19,24.
[2] Pauleit S, Duhme F. Assessing the Environmental Performance of Land Cover Types for Urban Planning[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2000,52(20):1-20.
[3] 汪光焘,王晓云,苗世光,等. 城市规划大气环境影响多尺度评估技术体系的研究与应用[J]. 中国科学 D 辑-地球科学,2005,35 (增刊Ⅰ):145-155.
[4] 刘毅,陈古宁,何炜琪 城市总体规划环境影响评价方法[J]. 环境科学学报,2008,28(6):1249-1255.
[5] 杨纯顺,沈洁. 城市生态地区规划的GIS分析应用[J]. 地球信息科学,2008,10(2):237-240.
[6] Jazcilevich A D, Fuentes V, Jauergui E,et al. Simulated Urban Climate Response to Historical Land Use Modification in the Basin of Mexico[J]. Climatic Change,2000,44(4):515-536.
[7] Whitehead P G, Johnes P J, Butterfield D. Steady State and Dynamic Modelling of Nitrogen in the River Kennet: Impacts of Land Use Change since the 1930s[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2002, 283: 417-434.
[8] Beck M B, Finney B A. Operational Water Quality Management: Problem Context and Evaluation of a Model for River Quality[J]. Water Resources, 1987, 11( 23) : 2030-2042.
[9] 孙璐,蔡娟. AERMOD与EIAA大气预测模型在环境影响评价中的应用比较[J]. 环境污染与防治,2008,30(10):92-95.
[10] 黄国和.应用多元统计分析理论预测城市大气污染[J].环境科学,1991,12(2):29-34.
[11] Bilonick R A. The Space Time Distribution of Sulfate Deposition in the Northeastern United States[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1985,19(11):1829-1845.
[12] Briggs D J, Collins S E, et al. Mapping Urban Air Pollution Using GIS: A Regression-based Approach[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 1997, 11(7):699-718.
[13] Jerrett M, Arain M A, Kanaroglou P, et al. Modeling the Intraurban Variability of Ambient Traffic Pollution in Toronto, Canada[J]. Journal of Toxicology And Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues,2007,70(3-4):200-212.
[14] 林志周,周国玲,张军杰.城市道路交通噪声污染的灰色预测和灰色关联分析[J].河南科学,2000,18(3):283-286.
[15] 董文,张新,池天河.我国省级主体功能区划的资源环境承载力指标体系与评价方法[J].地球信息科学学报,2011,13(2):283-286.
