近20年来,随着广州市城市化水平的大幅提升,作为城市地域空间发展前沿的城市边缘区土地利用变化异常明显。本文以广州市典型城市边缘区为研究对象,基于覆盖广州市南拓区的4时相TM遥感解译数据,构建土地利用数量结构变化模型和分形结构模型,定量化研究区域土地利用结构的变化强度、复杂性和稳定性。研究结果表明:在广州市核心区城市化辐射作用下,南拓区1990年以来,土地利用经受了剧烈的变化,按照变化特征可将其分为2个阶段:(1)前期(1990-1995年),土地利用结构变化剧烈,建筑用地的增加和耕地面积的减少主导了该时期的土地利用数量变化过程,期间分维数快速增加,稳定性迅速下降; (2)后期(1995-2005年),土地利用结构变化幅度减缓,耕地、林地面积有所回升,分维数和稳定性上升幅度趋缓,区域土地利用结构变化开始出现良好的态势。
Over the past two decades, with rapid urbanization in Guangzhou, urban fringes experienced drastically land use changes. In this paper, taking the Extend South Area of Guangzhou as a typical example of urban fringe, based on GIS (Geography Information System) and RS (Remote Science) technology, land use vector of the study area in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 were interpreted from Landsat TM images. Dynamic degree, fractal dimension and stability index of each main land use type in each year were calculated. Results showed that: from 1990 to 2005, land use of the Extend South Area of Guangzhou experienced obvious changes under the strong forces of urbanization of core area in Guangzhou. According to the change characteristics of land use, two phases of study period are followings. Firstly, from 1990 to 1995, the structure of land use changed tempestuously. In this period, the increase of construction land and decrease of farmland was the main process, with great increase of fractal dimension and decrease of stability index. Secondly, from 1995-2005, increasing speed of construction slowed down, farmland and forest land started to increase, and increase of fractal dimension and stability index became slighter, regional structure of land use experienced a beneficial development.
[1] Mandelbrot B B. How Long is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-similarity and Fractional Dimension[J]. Science,1967, 156(3775):636-638.
[2] 岳文泽,徐建华,金炯,等.西北半干旱区城郊土地利用结构与分形模型研究——以兰州市西固区为例[J].中国沙漠,2002, 22(3): 249-256.
[3] 杨山.发达地区城乡聚落形态的信息提取与分形研究——以无锡市为例[J]. 地理学报, 2000,55(6): 671-678.
[4] 包安明,陈云浩,史建康,等.干旱区不同土地利用类型的时空分形特征研究——以塔里木河干流区域为例[J]. 干旱区地理,2009,32(5): 761-768.
[5] 贾文臣,贾香云, 李福印,等. 威海市土地利用分形特征动态变化[J]. 地理科学进展,2009,28(2): 193-198.
[6] 朱晓华,蔡运龙. 中国土地利用空间分形结构及其机制[J]. 地理科学, 2005, 25(6): 671-677.
[7] 陈彦光.地理学的贫困与出路(Ⅱ)——地理学发展的分形方向[J]. 信阳师范学院学报, 1998, 11(2): 163-171.
[8] 李晓文,方精云. 近10年来长江下游地区耕地动态变化特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2003,18(5): 562-567.
[9] 龚建周,夏北成. 1990年以来广州市土地覆被景观的时空梯度分异[J]. 地理学报, 2007, 62(2): 181-190.
[10] Falconer K J. Fractal Geometry: Mathematical Foundations and Application[M]. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
[11] Edgar G A. Measure, Topology and Fractal Geometry[M]. New York: Spring-Verlag, 1990.
[12] 董连科.分形理论及应用[M].沈阳:辽宁科学出版社,1991.
[13] Mandelbrot B B. The Fractal Geometry of Nature[M]. New York: W H Freeman, 1982.
[14] 徐建华,艾南山, 金炯,等. 西北干旱区景观要素镶嵌结构的分形研究——以黑河流域为例[J].干旱区研究, 2001,18(1):35-39.
[15] 赵永平,王一谋. 图形分形理论在沙漠化定量研究中的应用[J].中国沙漠, 1995, 15(2): 175-180.
[16] 蔡运龙.土地结构分析的方法及应用[J]. 地理学报, 1992, 47(2): 146-156.
[17] 谢花林,李秀彬. 基于分形理论的土地利用空间行为特征——以江西东江源流域为例[J].资源科学, 2008, 30(12): 1867-1872.
