精准农业是指按照田间每一操作单元的具体条件,精细准确地调整各项土壤和作物管理措施,最大限度地优化使用各项农业投入(如化肥、农药、水、种子和其他方面的投入量),以获取最高产量和最大经济效益,同时减少化学物质使用,保护农业生态环境,保护土地等自然资源.本文从精准农业对数据的要求入手,提出以格网为单元的精准农业数据库的设计思想.采用地理空间定位网格的形式组织和应用农业信息,对于支持地理数据的共建共享,方便多源、多尺度农业空间信息的整合与应用分析,实现网格内的土壤本底和作物种植研究,从而实现农业的精准操作有着十分重要的意义.本文通过研究田间(不同网格内)各种因素(气候、土壤、种子、农机、化肥、农药、能源等)的变化,找出它们之间的相关性,以达到选定最佳种植方案,进行自适应喷水、施肥、施药,保持作物良好的生长条件,并获取最高产量和最大经济效益,同时保护农业生态环境及土地等农业自然资源的目的.
Precision agriculture adjusts soil and crop management practices accurately to pursue the optimal use of agricultural inputs (such as fertilizers, pesticides, water, seeds and other inputs) and obtain maximum yield and maximum economic efficiency in accordance with the specific conditions of each operating unit, while reducing chemical use, protecting agricultural ecological environment, land and other natural resources. In this paper, starting with the requirements of precision agriculture data, based on the geographic grid system, we made the precision agriculture database design with the grid as the basic unit. Grid database accurately reflects the need to obtain plots of differences in soil within meters of the bottom level, yield, fertility, micro-topography, crop, water, worms, grass and other information, so the stored data using a grid is in line with the needs of precision agriculture. The use of geo-spatial positioning of the grid to support the sharing of geographic data, to facilitate the integration and application of spatial information analysis of the grid within the soil background and crop research in order to achieve precision agriculture has a very important significance. We studied changes of various factors (climate, soil, seeds, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, pesticides, energy, etc.) in the field (different grid), and the relationship between them, in order to adopt the best planting program and the adaptive water, fertilizer and pesticide, to maintain good crop growing conditions as well.
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