基于田野考古的原始平剖面数据,面向田野考古快速制图与场景三维重建,以田野考古发掘中的空间平剖面图为研究对象,从分析田野考古现有数据记录方式的特点入手,总结其平剖面数据整合的需求。在对田野考古数据成果的表达和分析的基础上,基于面向对象的思想,确定田野考古平剖面数据整合的规则,并基于GIS技术,设计与实现原始田野考古平剖面数据的基准统一、地层剖面图的拼接与整合。提出数据整合的方法,并结合田野考古数据源类型,阐述了具体的平剖面整合过程。利用真实的田野考古发掘资料,验证了本文提出的平剖面二维数据整合方法,为田野考古快速制图和报告整理提供方法,为实现田野考古遗址三维场景虚拟再现和复原提供数据基础,为解析堆积与遗迹的时空关系提供辅助决策工具和研究支持。

Traditional field archaeology in China is based on manual method and the main field data are delaminated ichnography and profile map of stratum and relic. Based on the original ichnography and profile data, the character of the current record method had been analyzed and the demand of data integration in field archaeology for rapid mapping and field scene 3D reconstruction had been summarized in this paper. With the object-oriented approach, we had studied the integration rules of spatial data in field archaeology, designed and completed the united coordinate datum of the original ichnography and profile maps (the keystone was transforming the 2D data to 3D one in a united coordinate system based on delaminated ichnography and profile map of stratum and relic and distributing map of rectangular units), the stitching of stratum profiles and integrated ichnography from delaminated ones based on GIS. Moreover, we had put forward an integration method of ichnography and profile data, with the stratum profiles integrated to a stitching map (the key point was constituting uniform rules for pinch-out of stratum lacunae based on the topological relation and the attribute information of the stratum) and delaminated ichnographies of rectangular unit piled up to an integrated ichnography (the key question was the integration regulation and methods based on the archaeological criterion and he spatial relations of the archaeological objects in a site and complement by GIS software), and ichnography and profile of relic integrated to a stitching map of integrated ichnography of relic. Finally, the real excavation map data, i.e. Bashidang Site, Li County of Hunan Province were used to test the above proposed method. Through comparing with the original manual integrating map the results showed that the method in this paper provided a valid and precisely faithful way for rapid mapping, archaeological report, and basic data for cultural site scene 3D reconstruction and proved to be an assistant decision tool for analyzing and studying the spatio-temporal relation of the accumulation and the vestiges in field archaeology.