干旱是世界上影响范围最广和造成社会经济损失最严重的一种自然灾害。本文从干旱遥感监测的不同角度出发,总结了目前干旱遥感监测的主要方法、应用状况及优缺点。主要包括针对裸土地表类型的热惯量法、微波法,针对植被覆盖地表类型的可见光、近红外、短波红外等波段反射率数据的归一化植被指数法、距平指数法、条件植被指数法、归一化差值水分指数、归一化干旱指数、植被供水指数等,以及热红外遥感数据的温度植被干旱指数、温度条件指数、作物缺水指数、水分亏缺指数等。最后,提出了加强干旱遥感监测技术研究的建议,同时指出将可见光和微波相结合的指数模型的研究是干旱遥感监测可能的发展方向。
Drought is one of the most extensive natural disasters in the world which could cause serious economic losses. It is important to monitor large area drought events. Remote sensing technology has a great advantage in large-area monitoring of drought. In this paper, methods for drought monitoring by remote sensing are reviewed, including their advantages and disadvantages and their applications. These methods includes thermal inertia and microwave methods for bare surface, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Anomaly Vegetation Index, Vegetation Condition Index, Normalized Difference Water Index, Normalized Difference Drought Index and Vegetation Supplication Water Index based on visible, near infrared, shortwave reflectance data for partly and fully covered surface. Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index, Temperature Condition Index, Crop Water Stress Index, and Water Deficit Index based on thermal infrared remote sensing data for partly and fully covered surface are introduced too. Finally, the trend of remote sensing for drought monitoring is discussed.
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