城市边缘区空间发展探讨——以北京市海淀区为例
收稿日期: 2013-05-28
修回日期: 2013-07-05
网络出版日期: 2014-03-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目（51078213）。
Spatial Development of Urban Fringe：A Case Study of Haidian District, Beijing
Received date: 2013-05-28
Revised date: 2013-07-05
Online published: 2014-03-10
在快速城镇化时期，城市边缘区是城市扩张过程中空间结构变化最大、土地利用转变最快的地区，以过渡性、复杂性、动态性为突出特征。研究城市边缘区的空间演变对认识城镇化、优化城市空间结构等具有重要意义。本文在总结海淀区空间发展历史渊源的基础上，采用了RS/GIS技术对20世纪80年代以来海淀城市边缘区的范围、空间扩张进行了定量分析；并结合系统论方法，探索影响海淀城市边缘区空间演变的若干因素。研究发现：海淀城市边缘区空间发展有独特的地理优势和文化渊源，且在政策、经济、人口、交通等因素的综合作用下，处于不断动态变化之中；呈现出沿环线不规则分布、边界由清晰变模糊、整体向西北推移的空间特征；总面积逐渐增加、年扩张速率先升后降；1995-2007年以向外扩张为主，其他阶段以内部填充型发展为主；空间分布及扩张强度在不同乡镇街道具有区域差异性等。本文将RS/GIS技术与系统分析相结合，来研究城市边缘区相关问题的技术可行性。
姚月 . 城市边缘区空间发展探讨——以北京市海淀区为例[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2014 , 16(2) : 214 -224 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2014.00214
In a period of rapid urbanization, the urban fringe changes most in the spatial structure and changes fastest in land-use with the urban expansion process, being characteristic in transitivity, dynamics and complexity. Studying on spatial evolution of urban fringe areas is of great significance for understanding urbanization and optimizing urban space structure. Based on summarizing the historical origins of Haidian District space development, this paper empirically analyzes the space expansion of urban fringe in Haidian District since the 1980s, by using RS / GIS technology. Combined with systems theory, it approaches to explore the factors which affect the space evolution of urban fringe in Haidian District. This study finds that, the spatial development of Haidian District has a unique geographical advantage and cultural origins, which is constantly moving and changing, under the effect of economy, population, transportation, policy and other factors combined, featured in irregular distribution along the ring road, more blurring boundary, overall moving to the northwest, annual growth rate first increased and then decreased while total area is increasing, expanding outwards mainly from 1995 to 2007 while internal filled mainly in other phases of development, regional differences such as spatial distribution and expansion intensity of different townships having different characteristics. This paper empirically verifies technical feasibility of using RS/GIS techniques, combined with systems theory to study issues related to the urban fringe. With the use of RS/GIS techniques for data collection and analysis, it improves scientificity and credibility of the research owing to a relatively objectivity, and providing direct support to the analysis on spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors.
Key words： Haidian District; GIS; urban fringe; RS; spatial development
[1] Bryant C, Russwurm L. The impact of nonagricultural development on agriculture: A synthesis[J]. PLAN Canada, 1979,19(2):122-139.
[2] 张晓军.国外城市边缘区研究发展的回顾及启示[J].国外城市规划,2005(4):72-75.
[3] Russwurm L. Urban fringe and urban shadow[M]. Toronto: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975,148-164.
[4] Anjana Desai, Smita sen Gupta. Problems of changing land-use patterns in the rural-urban fring, perspectives in urban geography[M]. Concept Publishing Company, 1987.
[5] 顾朝林,陈田.中国大城市边缘区特性研究[J].地理学报,1993(4):317-328.
[6] 程连生,赵红英.北京城市边缘带探讨[J].北京师范大学报,1995,31(1):127-133.
[7] 方晓.浅议上海城市边缘区的界定[J].地域研究与开发,1999,18(4):65-67.
[8] 钱紫华,陈晓键.城市边缘区的界定方法研究——以西安为例[J].中山大学研究生学刊(自然科、医学版),2006(1):54-61.
[9] López E, Boccoa G, Mendoza M, et al. Predicting land-cover and land-use change in the urban fringe: A case in Morelia City, Mexico[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2001(55):271-285.
[10] Yuji Hara, Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Satoru Okubo. Urbanization linked with past agricultural landuse patterns in the urban fringe of a deltaic Asian mega-city: A case study in Bangkok[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2005(73):16-28.
[11] Mustafa Turker, Ozlem Asik. Land-use change detection at the rural-urban fringe using multi-sensor data in Ankara, Turkey[J]. International Journal of Geoinformatics, 2005(1):27-36.
[12] Zhang Z L Peng R. Evaluation of intensive land use and the growth patterns in urban fringe: Using AHP and GIS methods[C]. 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics, 2011.
[13] Nigussie Haregeweyn, Genetu Fikadu, Atsushi Tsunekawa, et al. The dynamics of urban expansion and its impacts on land use/land cover change and small-scale farmers living near the urban fringe: A case study of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2012(106):149-157.
[14] Liu Y, Hou S Q, Kong X B, et al. The analysis on land use change in urban fringe area based on the GIS technology[C]. Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE) International Conference, 2011.
[15] Yang Y T, Zhou Q M, Gong J, et al. An integrated spatio-temporal classification method for urban fringe change detection analysis[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2012(33):2516-2531.
[16] 陈明辉,陈颖彪,郭冠华,等.城市边缘区土地利用结构分形特征的动态变化——以广州市南拓区为例[J].地球信息科学学报,2011,13(4):520-525.
[17] 王海鹰,张新长.广州市城市边缘区时空演变特征分析[J].中山大学学报（自然科学版）,2012,51(4):134-143.
[18] 金一.杭州西湖区城市边缘区空间演变及机制研究[D].杭州:浙江大学2013.
[19] 穆晓东,刘慧平.基于区域城市结构理论和遥感监测的城市边缘区界定方法[C]. Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Remote Sensing, 2010.
[20] 何新东.快速城市化时期人居环境研究的卫星遥感技术方法[D].北京:清华大学,2006.
[21] Wang H B, Liu H P, Liu J P. Extraction and evaluation of urban agriculture region based on RS and GIS: A case study in Beijing[C]. Geoinformatics, Nanjing, 2007.
[22] Zhang W B, Fang X Q, Zhang L S. Method to identify the urban rural fringe by TM images[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 1999, 3(3):199-202.
[23] 侯仁之.历史地理学的理论与实践[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1979.
[24] 清华大学建筑与城市规划研究所.北京市西北郊文教科研区发展规划研究[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1987.
[25] 倪锋.高新技术园区空间发展规划研究——以中关村地区为例[D].北京:清华大学,2003.
[26] 宋金平,赵西君,于伟.北京城市边缘区空间结构演化与重组[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[27] 洪敏,陈焕伟.城乡结合部土地利用格局及影响因素分析——以北京海淀区为例[J].农村经济,2004(9):35-36.
[28] 刘平辉,郝晋珉,李博文,等.城市边缘区土地资源开发利用的影响因素研究——以北京市海淀区为例[J]. 河北农业大学学报,2003,26(2):101-105.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |