从自然侵蚀到人为损毁的文化遗产研究与保护,是一项多学科综合的复杂过程。文化遗产的数字化保护已成为全球学术界和工业界关注的热点,多源探测技术与多维环境重建是文化遗产数字化保护过程中不可或缺且相辅相成的重要研究内容。首先,本文依据文化遗产所处的地理空间立体层次,将其划分为水下文化遗产、近地表文化遗产以及室内外景观遗产,并分别分析了3个不同层次的探测方法与技术;然后,从考古制图、多源异构文化遗产信息化管理、三维重建与虚拟修复、多模式展示与虚拟交互4个层面,分析了多维环境重建的相关技术方法与手段;最后,总结了文化遗产数字化保护研究可能的发展趋势为多传感器协同观测、多维数据分布式管理与共享、动态环境重建与感知、多模式交互展示。

Digital preservation of cultural heritage is complex, which is due to the difficulty in representing the three dimensional space (e.g. from underwater or underground to ground) and the temporal dynamic interactions between natural processes and human activities. The development of multi-source detection techniques and multi-dimensional environmental reconstruction technologies provide possible solutions for the above problems. Thus, it is becoming a new hotspot within the research of digital preservation of cultural heritage. This paper firstly reviewed and compared different multi-source detection techniques. According to spatial hierarchy, the detected heritage can be divided into different types, including underwater cultural, near-surface cultural, and the indoor to outdoor landscape heritage. Also, these multi-source detection techniques were further classified and they can be selected for detecting a specific kind of heritage. Secondly, the technical methods of multi-dimensional environmental reconstruction were analyzed. Furthermore, the applications of these methods have been represented and the potential of these methods has been explored in the fields of archaeological cartography, information management of multi-source heterogeneous cultural heritage, three dimensional reconstruction and virtual remediation, and intelligent multimodal interactive presentation. Finally, the research prospect of digital preservation of cultural heritage was proposed from the perspective of multi-sensor collaborative observation, distributed management and sharing of multi-dimensional data, dynamic cognition and reconstruction of environments, and multimodal interactive presentation.