水体表面温度反演研究综述
作者简介:阎福礼(1973-),男,副研究员,主要从事资源环境定量遥感研究。E-mail: yanfl@radi.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2014-09-19
要求修回日期: 2014-12-11
网络出版日期: 2015-08-05
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目“富营养化水体的比辐射率测定及其红外水温遥感反演”(41371363)
国家自然科学基金项目“浅水下垫面光学效应与水体水质光学辐射传输模型研究”(40701126)
Review on Remote Sensing Retrieval of Water Surface Temperature
Received date: 2014-09-19
Request revised date: 2014-12-11
Online published: 2015-08-05
Copyright
水体表面温度是研究全球或区域气候变化、数值天气预报的重要参数,是控制水体与大气热量、水分交换的重要变量,对理解水体生物物理过程具有重要意义。卫星观测水表温度具有传统手段不可比拟的技术优势,同时也存在精度和质量上的限制和挑战。本文总结了观测水表温度常用的红外、微波传感器及其分辨率特征,并比较分析了各类传感器的优势、劣势和分辨率适用的时空尺度;在区别不同手段观测的水表温度基础上,分别概述了红外遥感和微波遥感反演水表温度的理论基础,以及常用的算法模型;基于水表温度反演的原理和过程,系统分析了云、水汽、气溶胶、比辐射率等不确定性因素,对反演精度的影响及解决方法,并对精度验证方法做了简单介绍;最后,对水体表面温度反演的发展趋势进行了展望,并指出多源数据的同化融合、优势互补是提升水温反演精度的重要途径。
阎福礼 , 吴亮 , 王世新 , 周艺 , 徐晨娜 , 王利双 . 水体表面温度反演研究综述[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2015 , 17(8) : 969 -978 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.00969
Water surface temperature (including sea surface temperature and lake water surface temperature) is a key parameter for studying global or regional climate change and numerical weather prediction (NWP), as well as being an essential controlling variable in the exchange of heat, moisture and gases between water surface and atmosphere. It has important significance for understanding the biophysical processes of water body. Satellite measurements of water surface temperature are well established with 30 years' collection of practical data and have incomparable advantages over traditional observations. Their limitations and challenges are also identified at the same time. There are more than 30 types of infrared/microwave radiometers which can be used for measuring SST/LWST, and their resolutions, advantages and disadvantages are summarized and compared in this paper. SST/LWST measurements depend on a combination of atmospheric properties and water surface radiances. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust and correct the atmospheric effect and water surface processes. The basic principles and the main types of algorithms for water surface temperature inversion using infrared and microwave data are illuminated and reviewed briefly. There are many uncertainties associated with SST/LWST measurements, and the magnitude of these uncertainties has put restrictions on the application or interpretation of SST/LWST measurements. A detailed analysis about these uncertainties in both infrared and microwave SST/LWST retrieval including undetected cloud, water vapor, aerosols, emissivity and skin effect is conducted. In order to determine the uncertainties in satellite-derived surface temperature, the validation of surface temperature retrieval is an indispensable step. Finally, a prospection about the trend of water surface temperature retrieval is proposed. Additionally, a strategy is advised for assimilating measurements from multi-sensor data in order to take the advantage of their complementary strengths.
Tab. 1 The available remote sensing datasets for water surface temperature retrieval表1 可用于水表温度反演的卫星遥感数据 |
类型 | 时间分辨率 | 空间分辨率 | 卫星传感器(传感器英文全称) | 波段 |
---|---|---|---|---|
红外数据 | 1~16 d | 约100 m | Landsat-7-ETM+(Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus)Landsat-8-TIRS(Thermal Infrared Sensor)Terra-ASTER(Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) | ASTER和TIRS有2个或2个以上热红外波段,ETM+只有1个热红外波段;无中红外波段 |
1~4 d | 约300 m | HJ-1B-IRS(Infrared Spectrometer)FY-3-MERSI(Medium Resolution Spectral Imager) | 均有1个热红外波段;IRS有1个中红外波段 | |
2次/d | 约1 km | NOAA-AVHRR(Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)Terra/Aqua-MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)NPP-VIIRS(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)FY-3-VIRR(Visible Infrared Radiometer) | 均有2个位于大气窗口的热红外波段,中红外波段数不一 | |
1次/3 d | 约1 km | ENVISAT-AATSR(Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer)ERS-ASTR-1/2(Along Track Scanning Radiometers 1/2) | 2个热红外,1个中红外波段 | |
12~14 km | Aqua-AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)Metop-IASI(Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) | 2378个红外通道8461个红外通道 | ||
0.5~1 h | 3~10 km | FY-2-S-VISSR(Stretched Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer)Meteosat-SEVIRI(Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager)GOES-Imager/ABI(Advanced Baseline Imager) | 2个位于大气窗口的热红外波段,中红外波段数不一 | |
微波数据 | 1~2 d | 25~50 km | TRMM-TMI(Microwave Imager)Aqua-AMSR-E(The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS)FY-3-MWRI(Microwave Radiometer Imager)GCOM-W1-AMSR-2(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2) | 有1-3个不等的波段,多个极化通道 |
Tab. 2 The advantages/disadvantages of different satellite datasets for water surface temperature retrieval.表2 不同卫星数据源反演水体表面温度的适用性与优劣 |
数据源 | 绝对精度(K) | 空间分辨率 | 适用性 | 优势 | 劣势 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AVHRR、MODIS、NPP/VIIRS、FY-3/VIRR等数据 | 0.4~0.6 | 0.75~4 km | 适用于海洋及面积较大的湖泊 | 每天观测全球2次;算法成熟、应用广泛;有非常成熟的数据产品 | 观测小尺度水体空间分辨率不够高 |
ATSR-1/2和AATSR数据 | 0.2~0.3 | 1~2 km | 适用于海洋及面积较大的湖泊 | 更精确地校正大气效应,反演精度高、噪声低 | 扫描宽度较窄;重复观测周期较长(3 d) |
TM/ETM+、HJ-1B/HRS、TIRS等资源卫星数据 | 约1 | 60~300 m | 适用于内陆湖泊及临近海岸海域 | 空间分辨率高 | 红外波段单一;覆盖面积小;重复观测周期较长 |
GOES/Imager FY-2/S-VISSR Meteosat-SEVIRI等静止气象卫星数据 | 0.5~0.8 | 3~10 km | 适用于传感器观测区域内的海域 | 重复观测时间间隔短(0.5~1 h),其他数据难以企及的高时间频率 | 空间分辨率不高;受到观测角限制,不能观测全球 |
以IASI、AIRS为代表的高光谱数据 | 12~14 km | 适用于大面积海域 | 能提供综合反演,即能够识别云,能够计算大气温度、湿度廓线等大气数据 | 空间分辨率低;处理过程复杂;其主要用于大气廓线反演、云检测等领域 | |
以AMSR-E、TMI为代表的微波数据 | 0.5~1 | 25~50 km | 仅适用于大面积且远离陆地海域 | 全天时、全天候、多极化,尤其是能在云覆盖条件下观测SST,保证数据可用性 | 空间分辨率低、反演精度不高;易受陆地辐射的干扰;易受海风影响 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
Committee for Earth Observation Satellites. The Earth Observation Handbook[DB/OL]. 2014-8.
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
|
[23] |
|
[24] |
|
[25] |
|
[26] |
|
[27] |
|
[28] |
|
[29] |
|
[30] |
|
[31] |
|
[32] |
|
[33] |
|
[34] |
|
[35] |
|
[36] |
|
[37] |
|
[38] |
|
[39] |
|
[40] |
|
[41] |
|
[42] |
|
[43] |
|
[44] |
|
[45] |
|
[46] |
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |