武陵山贫困片区扶贫成效评价与空间格局分析
作者简介:毛婧瑶(1990-),女,硕士生,研究方向为土地整治与生态修复.E-mail:maojingyao1990@163.com
收稿日期: 2015-07-15
要求修回日期: 2015-12-13
网络出版日期: 2016-03-10
基金资助
国家科技支撑计划项目课题"贫困地区资源环境监测评估与生态价值评价技术"(2012BAH33B01)
Poverty Alleviation Evaluation and Spatial Pattern Analysis of Wuling Mountain
Received date: 2015-07-15
Request revised date: 2015-12-13
Online published: 2016-03-10
Copyright
本文以武陵山贫困片区为研究区,构建扶贫成效评价指标体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)法确定指标权重,并通过综合评价法计算2010-2012年各区县3期扶贫成效综合指数;在扶贫成效评价结果的基础上,采用空间自相关方法进行空间格局分析,探究武陵山区近年来扶贫成效空间格局特征及成因.结果表明:(1) 武陵山片区扶贫成效空间分布基本呈现省内聚集的态势,总体表现为"北部高,中部低"的分布特征;(2) 扶贫成效的空间格局具有明显的地区差异,渝东南地区3期扶贫成效好,且具有稳定的中等增速;铜仁地区虽然经济社会发展基础薄弱且3期扶贫成效不高,但增速最大;鄂西南地区3期扶贫成效及增速均较好;湘西地区3期扶贫成效较差且增速缓慢,因此日后应更关注该地区的扶贫工作开展.
毛婧瑶 , 葛咏 , 赵中秋 , 王小林 , 张永利 , 陈跃红 , 宋泳泽 . 武陵山贫困片区扶贫成效评价与空间格局分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016 , 18(3) : 334 -342 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00334
Selecting the contiguous destitute regions in Wuling Mountain as the study area, this paper build an evaluation index system based on the AHP in order to calculate the poverty alleviation index for each county in the Wuling Mountains area from 2010 to 2012. Using the auto-correlation theory, this research conducts some analyses about the spatial pattern and the influence factors. Conclusions can be found as follows: (1) the spatial pattern of poverty alleviation exhibits a pattern of aggregation within the same province, and the poverty alleviation effect of the north region is higher than the central region; (2) in different provinces, the southeast of Chongqing has the best poverty alleviation effect and a moderate growth. All indices of the four aspects, which are the economic, social, production and living conditions, and the poverty alleviation program are the best. The poverty alleviation level in the northeast of Guizhou is poor, but the growth rates of the four aspects are higher than the average level of the best region. In the southwest of Hubei, the poverty alleviation and growth rate are also good, which ranks the second best in the Wuling Mountain area. In the northwest of Hunan, the poverty alleviation level is low, and its index level is the lowest until 2012. In addition, its growth rate is the slowest; therefore, this region should be focused in the future for further development.
Key words: poverty alleviation evaluation; Wuling Mountain; spatial pattern; AHP
Fig. 1 General situation of the study area图1 研究区概况图 |
Tab. 1 The multidimensional dynamic evaluation system and weight of the poverty alleviation表1 扶贫成效综合评价指标体系及权重 |
一级指标 | 指标权重 | 二级指标 | 指标权重 | 三级指标 | 指标权重 | 综合权重 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B1 | 经济发展 | 0.4654 | C1 | 总体水平 | 0.5000 | D1 | 人均地区生产总值/万元 | 0.5048 | 0.1175 | |
D2 | 人均一般预算财政收入/元 | 0.0546 | 0.0127 | |||||||
D3 | 人均一般预算支出/元 | 0.1274 | 0.0296 | |||||||
D4 | 城乡居民储蓄存款余额/万元 | 0.0546 | 0.0127 | |||||||
D5 | 城乡固定资产投资完成额/万元 | 0.2586 | 0.0602 | |||||||
C2 | 城乡居民收入 | 0.5000 | D6 | 农民人均纯收入/千元 | 0.8334 | 0.1939 | ||||
D7 | 城镇居民人均可支配收入/千元 | 0.1666 | 0.0388 | |||||||
B2 | 社会发展 | 0.1910 | C3 | 教育 | 0.5000 | D8 | 学前三年教育毛入园率/(%) | 0.1666 | 0.0159 | |
D9 | 高中阶段教育毛入学率/(%) | 0.8334 | 0.0796 | |||||||
C4 | 医疗卫生 | 0.5000 | D10 | 人均卫生机构床位数/床 | 0.3620 | 0.0346 | ||||
D11 | 人均社会福利院床位数/床 | 0.1060 | 0.0101 | |||||||
D12 | 参保新型农村合作医疗的比例/(%) | 0.3916 | 0.0374 | |||||||
D13 | 参保新型农村养老保险的比例/(%) | 0.1404 | 0.0134 | |||||||
B3 | 生产生活状况 | 0.1718 | C5 | 基础设施 | 0.6333 | D14 | 行政村饮用水管道入户的比例/(%) | 0.0985 | 0.0107 | |
D15 | 行政村通水泥/沥青公路的比例/(%) | 0.3890 | 0.0423 | |||||||
D16 | 行政村通客运班车的比例/(%) | 0.0576 | 0.0063 | |||||||
D17 | 行政村通电的比例/(%) | 0.2578 | 0.0280 | |||||||
D18 | 行政村通广播电视的比例/(%) | 0.0985 | 0.0107 | |||||||
D19 | 行政村通宽带网络的比例/(%) | 0.0985 | 0.0107 | |||||||
C6 | 宜居环境 | 0.1062 | D20 | 行政村有卫生室的比例/(%) | 0.5193 | 0.0095 | ||||
D21 | 行政村有生产生活垃圾集中堆放点的比例/(%) | 0.2009 | 0.0037 | |||||||
D22 | 行政村有社区服务中心的比例/(%) | 0.0789 | 0.0014 | |||||||
D23 | 行政村有农家超市的比例/(%) | 0.2009 | 0.0037 | |||||||
C7 | 生产经营 | 0.2605 | D24 | 行政村有经营农家乐的比例/(%) | 0.2727 | 0.0122 | ||||
D25 | 行政村有设施农业大棚的比例/(%) | 0.0909 | 0.0041 | |||||||
D26 | 行政村有设施畜牧业大棚的比例/(%) | 0.0909 | 0.0041 | |||||||
D27 | 行政村有农民专业合作经济组织的比例/(%) | 0.2727 | 0.0122 | |||||||
D28 | 行政村有贫困村互助资金组织的比例/(%) | 0.2727 | 0.0122 | |||||||
B4 | 扶贫工作成效 | 0.1718 | C8 | 农田设施 | 0.2142 | D29 | 基本农田增量/行政村/(hm2/村) | 0.0827 | 0.0030 | |
D30 | 可灌溉基本农田增量/行政村/(hm2/村) | 0.1440 | 0.0053 | |||||||
D31 | 高效节水农田增量/行政村/(hm2/村) | 0.1440 | 0.0053 | |||||||
D32 | 人工改良草场及草料增量 | 0.6293 | 0.0232 | |||||||
C9 | 灌溉饮水 | 0.2122 | D33 | 人畜饮水管道增量/行政村/(m/村) | 0.3750 | 0.0137 | ||||
D34 | 人畜饮水蓄水池和水窖增量/行政村/(口/村) | 0.3750 | 0.0137 | |||||||
D35 | (石砌/水泥砌)水渠增量/行政村/(m/村) | 0.1250 | 0.0046 | |||||||
D36 | 农田水利设施增量/行政村/(处/村) | 0.1250 | 0.0046 | |||||||
C10 | 交通 | 0.2142 | D37 | 改扩建(水泥/沥青)乡村公路增量/行政村/(km/村) | 0.8000 | 0.0294 | ||||
D38 | 村内(水泥/沥青)道路增量/行政村/(m/村) | 0.2000 | 0.0074 | |||||||
C11 | 居住改善 | 0.1176 | D39 | 完成困难家庭危房改造的户数增量/行政村/(户/村) | 0.2500 | 0.0051 | ||||
D40 | 补助危旧住房改造的户数增量/行政村/(户/村) | 0.7500 | 0.0152 | |||||||
C12 | 生态改造 | 0.0350 | D41 | 退耕还林面积增量/行政村/(hm2/村) | 0.5000 | 0.0030 | ||||
D42 | 退耕还草面积增量/行政村/(hm2/村) | 0.5000 | 0.0030 | |||||||
C13 | 产业发展 | 0.0756 | D43 | 经济作物增量/行政村/(hm2/村) | 0.1667 | 0.0022 | ||||
D44 | 经济林果面积增量/行政村/(hm2) | 0.1667 | 0.0022 | |||||||
D45 | 扶持新建设施(农业大棚)的户数增量/乡村农户/(%) | 0.1667 | 0.0022 | |||||||
D46 | 扶持新建设施(畜牧(牛/羊/猪)的头数增量/乡村农户/(头/户) | 0.1667 | 0.0022 | |||||||
D47 | 扶持农户(鸡/鸭/鹅)等家禽的只数/乡村农户/(只/户) | 0.1667 | 0.0022 | |||||||
D48 | 扶持农家乐的户数增量/乡村农户/(%) | 0.1667 | 0.0022 | |||||||
C14 | 劳动力培训 | 0.1311 | D49 | 参加各类培训的扶贫人口和扶贫低保人口比例/(%) | 0.5000 | 0.0113 | ||||
D50 | 参加各类培训的雨露计划人口比例/(%) | 0.5000 | 0.0113 |
注:扶贫工作成效中的增量以2009年为基准年计算,基准年增量为0,2009年后每年的增量值为逐年新增值之和,如:2011年增量值=2010年新增量+2011年新增量 |
Fig. 2 Poverty alleviation index图2 扶贫成效状况 |
Tab. 2 Spatial autocorrelation result of the poverty alleviation表2 扶贫成效评价指数全局空间自相关结果 |
年份 | I值 | Z值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|
2010 | 0.1503 | 33.24 | <0.001 |
2011 | 0.1913 | 4.44 | <0.001 |
2012 | 0.1005 | 2.36 | <0.001 |
Fig. 3 Aggregation map of LISA图3 LISA图 |
Fig. 4 Statistics of the area for the low value regions and their area ratios in each division图4 低值聚集区面积与各地区所占县域比例统计 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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