公众参与式地震灾情信息服务平台研究
作者简介:高方红(1991-),女,山东招远人,硕士生,研究方向为信息平台搭建与应用。E-mail: gaofh.13s@igsnrr.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2015-10-28
要求修回日期: 2015-12-18
网络出版日期: 2016-04-19
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目“多地震学方法联合研究华南褶皱”(41374061)、“利用地震各向异性研究华南块体”(41574036)
Research on the Earthquake Information Service Platform with Public Participation
Received date: 2015-10-28
Request revised date: 2015-12-18
Online published: 2016-04-19
Copyright
由政府等权威机构监测、采集地震灾情信息后,向公众通告并指导公众采取应对措施,是当前防震减灾过程中的主要信息流通模式。然而,在这种信息单向流动模式中,公众缺少主动查询获取和反馈灾情信息的渠道,不利于防震减灾和灾后恢复重建。本文针对现有地震信息系统在公众信息服务方面的不足,首先分析了公众参与式地理信息系统(Public Participation Geographic Information System,PPGIS)的特点及应用,从地震灾害管理的整个周期出发,将地震灾害信息分为4大类,进行平台数据库和功能设计;随后,探讨了基于PPGIS的大众地震信息服务平台,在公众主动获取多源地震灾情和地震知识、提交和反馈灾情信息与救助需求,以及参与灾后重建等方面的作用,并分析了该平台中用户数据质量及质量控制流程;最后,在此基础上,设计并实现了基于PPGIS的大众地震灾情信息服务平台原型系统,为解决公众地震灾情获取和反馈提供了可行性方案,为类似系统的设计与实现提供了参考。
高方红 , 侯志伟 , 高星 . 公众参与式地震灾情信息服务平台研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016 , 18(4) : 477 -485 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00477
Monitoring and gathering the earthquake disaster information by authorities, and then informing the public along with guidelines on the countermeasures is currently the dominating information circulation model for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. However, with this unilateral model, there are no accesses and channels for the masses to query and feed back the disaster information actively, which hinders the preparedness and reduction of earthquake disaster and the post-disaster reconstruction. As a consequence, the public may not be fully prepared, causing the occurrence of huge damages as well as the long term recovery afterwards. Intended to offer a resolution to these problems, this paper summarized the characteristics and applications of PPGIS in supporting public participation. Also, to facilitate the design of the database and functions of the platform, this paper classified the earthquake disaster information into four categories according to the stages in disaster management. Furthermore, this article discussed the functions of a public earthquake information service platform, which is based on PPGIS, in providing people with seismic disaster knowledge and information, and in enabling the crowd to submit and return the emergent rescue needs and to participate in the reconstruction. The data quality and method of quality control have been discussed too. At the end of this paper, the authors designed and developed the prototype system of PPGIS based public earthquake information service platform. This prototype has put forward an applicable solution to enable the public to acquire and feed back the disaster information, and provides a reference for the design and implementation of other similar systems.
Key words: PPGIS; public participate; earthquake disaster; information platform
Tab. 1 Classification of earthquake disaster information表1 地震灾害信息分类 |
一级分类 | 二级分类 | 三级分类 |
---|---|---|
地震基础信息 | 基础地理信息 | 行政区划、水系、交通、地形等 |
基础地质信息 | 地质构造、地震活动、水文工程地质等 | |
生命线信息 | 供水、电、气系统;通讯系统;交通系统 | |
历史灾害信息 | 历史地震、历史地质灾害、其他灾害 | |
防震减灾信息 | 地震预防 | 抗震规划与设计、避难场所、物资储备 |
科普宣传 | 灾害知识、自救互救知识、法律法规 | |
地震应急 | 应急预案、应急演练、风险区划 | |
地震现场信息 | 灾害信息 | 震情、次生灾害、房屋和生命线震害、危险源、遥感影像 |
受灾人员信息 | 死亡、受伤、被困、失踪、疫病、待疏散人员 | |
救援信息 | 物资需求、发放;救援人员、路径;抢修恢复、捐助;志愿者 | |
其他信息 | 天气、交通情况,地震谣言、生产经营、环境破坏、社会治安等 | |
灾后重建信息 | 灾害损失 | 经济损失、环境损失、心理创伤 |
灾后重建 | 承载力评估、重建规划、援建信息、重建需求与反馈 |
Fig. 1 Functions of the PPGIS based earthquake disaster information platform图1 基于PPGIS的地震信息平台作用 |
Fig. 2 Processes of user data quality control图2 用户数据质量管理流程 |
Fig. 3 Logical levels of the platform图3 系统逻辑层次 |
Tab. 2 Platform database scheme表2 平台数据库设计方案 |
子数据库 | 主要数据内容 |
---|---|
系统数据库 | 用户、角色、权限、日志 |
地理数据库 | 遥感影像、地质图、医院、避难场所/路线 |
灾害数据库 | 地震点、次生灾害、危险区、灾害信息评价 |
救援数据库 | 救援点、救援路线、安置点、物资发放点、医疗点 |
需求数据库 | 物资需求、医疗需求、心理需求、寻人 |
重建数据库 | 重建规划、意见、建议、重建需求 |
防减灾数据库 | 建筑物等级、物资准备、演练、应急预案/规划、防减灾知识 |
Fig. 4 Design of the function architecture图4 功能体系设计 |
Fig. 5 Interface of earthquake information query图5 地震信息查询界面 |
Fig. 6 Technical framework of the platform图6 平台实现技术框架 |
Fig. 7 Interface of information markup图7 信息标注页面 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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