基于三维模型的城市局地微气候模拟
作者简介:郑子豪(1992-),男,硕士生,主要从事GIS与三维模型研究。E-mail: zhengzh@email.com
收稿日期: 2015-10-09
要求修回日期: 2016-05-11
网络出版日期: 2016-09-27
基金资助
广东省前沿与关键技术创新专项资金( 省重大科技专项) 项目(2014B010112008)广东省科技计划项目(2013B010102018)教育部人文社科规划基金项目(11YJAZH016)
Urban Micro-climate Simulation Based on 3D Modeling
Received date: 2015-10-09
Request revised date: 2016-05-11
Online published: 2016-09-27
Copyright
随着城市化进程的不断深入,城市热岛效应及其所引发的一系列环境问题日趋严重,本文尝试性地将新兴三维建模技术与微气候模拟相结合应用于城市局地微气候研究,以期获得的模拟数据及模型能够帮助城市管理者提供改善城市微气候质量的有效途径。本文选定珠江新城西区为研究区域,以规则建模手段构建城市三维模型,总结微气候模拟的相关子模型,并利用局地微气候模拟软件对研究区进行温度、湿度、风速、风向等气候要素的模拟,最后将二者的结果整合进行可视化展示。微气候模拟结果结合目标区域三维模型,能够直观地分析出建筑高度、密度和布局对目标区域城市微气候分布状况的影响,并提出相应的改善建议与规划策略。该方法克服了以往微气候研究局限于实地测量与单纯依靠过往气象数据的不足。规则建模对城市建筑布局、结构方面的具体呈现与ENVI-met在微气候分布模拟的结合,使城市局地微气候研究可以逐渐与三维建模相结合的方向发展,为不同地区的城市规划与微气候模拟研究提供了新思路与辅助决策工具。在城市建筑结构、布局对城市微气候的影响研究上也提供了更直观的可视化效果。
关键词: CityEngine; CGA; 城市微气候; ENVI-met; 珠江新城
郑子豪 , 陈颖彪 , 千庆兰 , 李勇 , 谢锦鹏 . 基于三维模型的城市局地微气候模拟[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016 , 18(9) : 1199 -1208 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01199
With the continuous advancement of urbanization, the aggravating urban heat island effect and a series of environmental problems caused by it is becoming severe, which hurdles the progress of urbanization gradually. The urban local micro-climate study tentatively combines the burgeoning 3D modeling with micro-climate simulation, so as to help the city managers to find an effective way to improve the urban micro-climate quality through adopting the simulation data and the model generated in the study. By taking the Zhujiang New Town Western District as an example, this study builds a 3D model of the city using the CGA rules, summarizes the related sub-models of micro-climate simulation, and runs a simulation of the study area with the weather factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction by using the local micro-climate simulation software. At last, it integrates the results and produces a visual presentation. The micro-climate simulation result is combined with the 3D model of the study area. It gives a visual analysis on the impacts of construction height, density and layout to the local micro-climate weather distribution, and gives the corresponding development advices and planning strategy. This method has overcome the limits of previous micro-climate studies which were constrained to field measurement and depended on previous climate data. The modeling approach gives a detailed presentation of the city construction layout and structure, and integrates ENVI-met into the micro-climate simulation, thus the urban micro-climate study can be improved to incorporate the trend of integrating 3D modeling. It provides a new way of thinking and a new assistant decision-making tool for the urban planning and micro-climate simulation studies in different regions. In terms of the relationship between the structure and the layout of urban construction and urban micro-climate, it presents a more visualized result.
Key words: CityEngine; CGA; urban microclimate; ENVI-met; Zhujiang New Town
Fig.1 Location map of Zhujiang New Town Western District图1 珠江新城西区区位图 |
Tab.1 Overview on all the files in ENVI-met表1 ENVI-met数据文件类型 |
文件类型 | 文件列表 | 定义 |
---|---|---|
输入文件 | A1.配置文件.CF | 定义一个单独模拟的设置 |
A2.区域输入文件.IN | 定义模拟的区域(建筑物,植物等) | |
A3.序列文件.EBF | 允许定义单个模拟的次序 | |
数据库文件 | B1.土壤数据库SOILS.DAT | 定义不同的自然和人工土壤的性质 |
B2.配置文件数据库PROFILES.DAT | 从SOILS.DAT文件中以垂直的土壤三明治结构来定义不同的土壤类型 | |
B3.植被数据库PLANTS.DAT | 定义所有的植被 | |
B4.源数据库SOURCES.DAT | 定义颗粒或者气体源的输出和喷射高度 | |
输出文件 | C1.主数据文件.EDI/.EDT | 链接到配置文件中[LOCALDB]部分的描述 |
C2.接收器文件 | 模型区域内用户选择的点的数据 | |
C3.1D-Model 文件 | 包含1维模型的状态 | |
C4.BOTworld 文件 | 创建BOTworld模型的链接 | |
其它文件 | D1.定义别名(MYALIAS.DAT) | 使用相对文件路径,便于计算机之间模拟传输 |
3.2 研究方法 |
Fig.2 The classification results of each lot图2 各地块分类结果分布图 |
Fig.3 Schematic overview of the ENVI-met model layout图3 ENVI-met模型布局概述示意图 |
Fig.4 ENVI-met regional model图4 ENVI-met区域模型图 |
Fig.5 The configuration file of ENVI-met图5 ENVI-met的配置文件 |
Fig.6 The temperature distribution of Zhujiang New Town Western District图6 珠江新城西区温度模拟图 |
Fig.7 The wind speed distribution of Zhujiang New Town Western District at 9:00图7 珠江新城西区9:00水平面风速模拟图 |
Fig.8 The spec.humidity distribution of Zhujiang New Town Western District at 9:00图8 珠江新城西区9:00水平面相对湿度模拟图 |
Fig.9 The micro climate distribution maps stacking with the 3D model of Zhujiang New Town Western District图9 珠江新城三维模型与微气候分布模拟图 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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