北京市高速公路周边土地利用变化对景观格局的影响
作者简介:张映雪(1970-),女,硕士,副教授,主要从事道路选线及道路景观方面的研究。E-mail: 1014888205@qq.com
收稿日期: 2016-07-18
要求修回日期: 2016-11-01
网络出版日期: 2017-01-13
基金资助
资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室自主创新项目(088RA90BYA)
Impacts of Land Use Changes on Landscape Patterns Around Expressways in Beijing
Received date: 2016-07-18
Request revised date: 2016-11-01
Online published: 2017-01-13
Copyright
高速公路的快速发展在推动经济发展的同时,也对区域的生态环境产生重要的影响。在地理信息系统的支持下,本研究以北京市高速公路网10 km缓冲区为研究区域,利用缓冲区分析、空间分析、统计分析等方法探讨了高速公路周边土地利用变化对景观格局的影响规律。结果表明:① 北京市高速公路周边的土地利用类型主要以建设用地、耕地、林地为主,土地利用变化以耕地向建设用地转入最为显著;② 空间变化上,各缓冲区内土地利用变化以林地、耕地、建设用地的相互转移为主,随着与高速公路的距离增大,土地利用类型从以耕地、建设用地为主逐渐转变为以林地、耕地为主;③ 2005-2015年,各类景观的景观指数变化差异明显,其中水域的斑块密度与分离度指数变化幅度最大,耕地的形状指数增加最快,建设用地的分离度指数减少最多,这与相应的土地利用变化密切相关;④ 基于土地利用变化,北京市高速公路网对周边景观格局的影响范围约为6 km,其中林地转入建设用地以及建设用地与耕地的相互转移是引起公路周边景观空间变化差异的主要原因。
张映雪 , 莫文波 , 王勇 , 庄大方 . 北京市高速公路周边土地利用变化对景观格局的影响[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017 , 19(1) : 28 -38 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00028
The rapid development of the highway has important effects on the regional ecological environment while promoting economic development. With the support of geographic information system (GIS), this study took the 10 km buffer zone around expressways of Beijing as the research area and used buffer zone analysis, spatial analysis, statistical analysis and other methods to explore the influence of the land use changes around expressways on landscape patterns. The results showed that: (1) construction land, cultivated land and forest land were the main land use types around highways in Beijing during the 10 years. The main land use change was that the cultivated land was transferred into the construction land and it accounted for 80% of all imported area. (2) For the spatial changes, the main transferring changes were that forest land, cultivated land and construction land were transferred among each other. With the increase of the distance from expressways, the main land use types changed from the cultivated land and construction land into woodland and farmland. (3) In 2005-2015, the differences of landscape indices changing were obvious in each landscape type. The changes of patch density and splitting index of water were the biggest, the shape index of cultivated land showed the fastest increasing, and the splitting index of construction land reduced a lot, which were closely related to the land use transfer. (4) Based on the land use changes, the affected range of the highway network on landscape pattern was about 6 km in Beijing and it mainly caused the patch density, landscape shape index, diversity index reduced and aggregation index increased. The main reason for differences in the spatial change of the landscape around expressways was the transfers between construction land and cultivated land and the change of forest land into construction land.
Key words: expressways; land use; landscape pattern; buffer analysis; Beijing
Fig. 1 The distribution map of the buffer zone around the expressways图1 高速公路周边缓冲区分布图 |
Tab. 1 Landscape indices and their calculating formula表1 景观指数及其计算公式 |
景观指数 | 计算公式 | 参数意义 |
---|---|---|
斑块密度(PD) | 景观尺度中表示景观中的斑块数,表示景观总面积。景观类型尺度中,表示某类景观中的斑块数,表示某类景观斑块总面积 | |
景观形状指数(LSI) | P为景观中所有斑块边界的总长度,A为景观中所有斑块面积 | |
多样性指数(SHDI) | i为斑块类型序号,Pi为类型i在景观中的面积比例,m为斑块类型总数 | |
聚集度指数(AI) | Pi为景观中i类斑块所占比例;gik为斑块i与斑块k相邻的多边形数目;m为景观中斑块类型总数,包括景观边界 | |
分维度指数(FD) | Ai为i类斑块面积,Pi为i类斑块周长 | |
分离度指数(SP) | Ai第i类景观的面积;ni为第i类景观的斑块个数;A为景观总面积 |
Fig. 2 Distribution of land use types around expressways of Beijing in 2005 and 2015图2 2005年和2015年北京市高速公路周边的土地利用类型分布 |
Fig. 3 Area proportion of land use types aroundexpressways of Beijing in 2005 and 2015图3 2005年和2015年北京市高速公路周边的土地利用类型面积比重 |
Tab. 2 The transfer matrix of land use around expressways of Beijing during 2005-2015 (km2)表2 2005-2015年北京市高速公路周边土地利用的转移矩阵(km2) |
土地类型 | 耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | 水域 | 建设用地 | 汇总 | 转出/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
耕地 | 2588.36 | 71.29 | 29.91 | 25.29 | 793.42 | 3509.20 | 26.24 |
林地 | 154.60 | 1697.21 | 18.47 | 7.40 | 113.17 | 1990.85 | 14.75 |
草地 | 24.18 | 49.07 | 271.95 | 4.34 | 30.26 | 379.80 | 28.40 |
水域 | 87.18 | 9.23 | 6.57 | 153.66 | 63.70 | 320.34 | 52.03 |
建设用地 | 238.34 | 14.91 | 9.81 | 13.96 | 2188.58 | 2465.60 | 11.24 |
汇总 | 3092.68 | 1841.77 | 336.76 | 204.66 | 3189.29 | - | - |
转入/% | 16.31 | 7.85 | 19.25 | 24.92 | 31.38 | - | - |
动态度 | -2.37 | -1.50 | -2.27 | -7.22 | 5.87 | - | - |
双向动态度 | 8.12 | 4.40 | 9.09 | 13.59 | 10.36 | - | - |
Fig. 4 The area proportions of Land use types around highways to every buffer area of Beijing in 2005 and 2015图4 2005年和2015年北京市高速公路周边土地利用类型占各缓冲区的面积比重 |
Fig. 5 The area proportions of transferring areas of land use types to each buffer area of Beijing during 2005-2015图5 2005-2015年北京市各缓冲区内土地利用类型转移面积占缓冲区面积的比重 |
Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of land use transfer in buffer zone of Beijing expressways and urban function zoning图6 北京市高速公路缓冲区内土地利用转移的空间分布和城市功能区划 |
Tab. 3 Analysis of landscape types in 10 km buffer area of Beijing expressways during 2005-2015表3 2005-2015年北京市高速公路10 km缓冲区的景观类型分析 |
斑块密度 | 分维度指数 | 分离度指数 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005年 | 2015年 | 变化率/% | 2005年 | 2015年 | 变化率/% | 2005年 | 2015年 | 变化率/% | |||
草地 | 0.039 | 0.028 | -27.649 | 1.118 | 1.119 | 0.045 | 19 558.227 | 21 075.143 | 7.756 | ||
1.090 | |||||||||||
耕地 | 0.089 | 0.034 | -62.275 | 1.113 | 2.120 | 44.601 | 42.938 | -3.729 | |||
建设用地 | 0.267 | 0.202 | -24.241 | 1.065 | 1.063 | -0.225 | 57.481 | 28.665 | -50.132 | ||
林地 | 0.065 | 0.032 | -50.853 | 1.083 | 1.102 | 1.708 | 141.028 | 172.687 | 22.449 | ||
水域 | 0.074 | 0.027 | -63.612 | 1.074 | 1.080 | 0.559 | 17 405.056 | 40 312.530 | 131.614 |
Fig.7 Patch density, landscape shape index, diversity index and aggregation index in each buffer area of Beijing in 2005 and 2015图7 2005年和2015年北京市各缓冲区内的斑块密度(PD)、景观形状指数(LSI)、多样性指数(SHDI)和聚合度指数(AI) |
Tab. 4 Results of stepwise regression analysis表4 逐步回归分析结果 |
2015年各缓冲区景观指数 | 预测变量 | 回归方程 | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
斑块密度(Y1) | 建设用地转耕地(X1) | ||
景观形状指数(Y2) | 林地转建设用地(X4) | ||
景观多样性指数(Y3) | 耕地转建设用地(X2) | ||
聚合度指数(Y4) | 建设用地转耕地(X1) |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
[
|
[4] |
[
|
[5] |
[
|
[6] |
[
|
[7] |
[
|
[8] |
[
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
[
|
[12] |
[
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
[
|
[15] |
[
|
[16] |
[
|
[17] |
[
|
[18] |
[
|
[19] |
[
|
[20] |
[
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
[
|
[23] |
[
|
[24] |
[
|
[25] |
[
|
[26] |
[ Yang W R. Spatiotemporal change and driving forces of urban landscape pattern in Beijing[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015,35(13):4357-4366. ]
|
[27] |
[
|
[28] |
[
|
[29] |
[
|
/
〈 | 〉 |