小城市居民出行行为时空动态及驱动机制研究
作者简介:吴健生(1965-),男,博士生导师,教授,研究方向为遥感与GIS、景观生态学与土地利用、数字城市与城市安全。E-mail: wujs@szpku.edu.cn
收稿日期: 2016-02-24
要求修回日期: 2016-04-15
网络出版日期: 2017-02-17
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41271101)
Spatio-temporal Dynamics and Driving Mechanisms of Resident Trip in Small Cities
Received date: 2016-02-24
Request revised date: 2016-04-15
Online published: 2017-02-17
Copyright
相比于大城市,中小城市在新型城镇化中至关重要,具有独特的居民出行行为特征,但以往的研究并没有得到足够的关注。目前研究主要使用浮动车数据分析特大城市居民的出行行为,但考虑到小城市土地开发强度低、公共交通不发达、研究空间尺度精细等特点,这些研究方法不能完全适用于针对小城市的研究。因此,本文使用小城市出租车GPS轨迹数据识别上下客事件,沿道路生成随机样点采样得到了分时段的上下客密度,并对其时空动态进行描述和表达;筛选出显著影响上下客密度时空分布的9类设施,建立出租车上下客事件的地理加权回归模型;分析了小城市出租车上下客时空动态与各类城市设施的时空关系,发现在工作日与双休日和一天中不同时段中,不同城市设施对上下客事件的影响具有不同的分布规律及其驱动机制。研究结果可为小城市的城市规划和交通需求精细化管理提供参考。
吴健生 , 李博 , 黄秀兰 . 小城市居民出行行为时空动态及驱动机制研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017 , 19(2) : 176 -184 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00176
Taxi is an indispensable urban traffic mode in small cities. However, there are limited efforts focusing on explaining traffic congestion or resident commuting from a perspective of land use in small cities. This study attempts to reveal the spatio-temporal dynamics of resident trip activities from the aspect of urban functional features. Based on the GPS taxi data, we build a set of temporal GWR models on an hourly basis, which indicates that urban facilities have various effects on the pick-up and drop-off events during different daytime periods. Nine facilities, including coach station, supermarket, restaurant, residential area, karaoke, hotel, hospital, bank and administrative center, have been observed to be the critical elements to explain the ridership variations. A spatio-temporal mechanism has been proposed based on the discovery that facilities with different urban functions have different impacts on resident trip demands. In contrast to the large cities, the trip activities of residents are spatially and temporally various in the small cities. The primary traffic demands are commuting activities, commerce, entertainment and intercity transfers. More rush hours, especially the “noon rush” and “midnight rush”, are revealed in small cities. The results provide valuable insights for quantitatively predicting the taxi demand as a function of the spatio-temporal variables, which may have implications on the traffic demand management and the urban planning of small cities.
Key words: small city; resident trip; taxi; GWR model; spatio-temporal dynamics
Tab. 1 Attribute data after identifying pick-up/drop-off events表1 识别提取出的上下客事件属性数据 |
EID | PU_TIME | PU_Lg | PU_Lt | DO_TIME | DO_Lg | DO_Lt |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
376 546 | 0903161726 | 112.786117 | 22.251945 | 0903162136 | 112.7769 | 22.25272 |
376 547 | 0903161733 | 112.778965 | 22.265247 | 0903162138 | 112.7835 | 22.25649 |
376 548 | 0903161602 | 112.803337 | 22.250797 | 0903162142 | 112.7840 | 22.25627 |
376 549 | 0903161516 | 112.778955 | 22.265227 | 0903162216 | 112.7927 | 22.25392 |
376 550 | 0903161632 | 112.779172 | 22.265202 | 0903162217 | 112.7775 | 22.25241 |
376 551 | 0903161621 | 112.797722 | 22.258127 | 0903162251 | 112.7929 | 22.25197 |
376 552 | 0903161437 | 112.771000 | 22.259725 | 0903162312 | 112.7891 | 22.25273 |
Tab. 2 Explanatory variables after variable selection表2 通过筛选的解释变量 |
变量名 | 兴趣点类型 | 缓冲区范围/m |
---|---|---|
resi_200 | 居住小区 | 200 |
ktv_200 | 歌厅 | 200 |
rest_200 | 餐馆 | 200 |
sta_200 | 长途车站 | 200 |
bank_200 | 银行网点 | 200 |
hos_200 | 医疗设施 | 200 |
shop_100 | 大型超市 | 100 |
hot_100 | 酒店 | 100 |
adm_500 | 行政办公 | 500 |
Fig. 1 The spatial distribution of pick-up points and drop-off points图1 上客点与下客点密度空间分布格局 |
Fig. 2 Variation trends of pick-up events and drop-off events in the study area图2 研究区上客事件与下客事件总数的变化趋势 |
Fig. 3 Variation trends of pick-up/drop-off events at five typical places图3 5个典型地点附近的上下客日变化情况 |
Fig. 4 Variation of Global Moran′s I for the densities of pick-ups and drop-offs图4 上客点与下客点密度的全局Moran's I指数变化 |
Fig. 5 Adjusted R2 of GWR models on an hourly basis图5 分时段建立地理加权回归模型的调整 R2 |
Fig. 6 Variation of the mean and STD values of each GWR coefficient for the pick-up/drop-off events图6 影响系数的平均值及方差范围的变化趋势 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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