城市医疗设施空间分布合理性评估
作者简介:丁愫(1992-),女,天津市人,硕士生,研究方向为GIS与遥感应用。E-mail: suding@whu.edu.cn
收稿日期: 2016-04-07
要求修回日期: 2016-05-19
网络出版日期: 2017-02-17
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国涡度相关通量塔空间代表性评估与碳源/汇尺度扩展研究”(41271116/D010106)
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所“一三五”战略科技计划项目(2012ZD010)
江苏省“双创人才”、“双创团队”项目
Rationality Assessment of the Spatial Distributions of Urban Medical Facility
Received date: 2016-04-07
Request revised date: 2016-05-19
Online published: 2017-02-17
Copyright
随着经济发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,城市居民对健康的重视程度不断的增加,医疗设施作为城市中不可或缺的公共设施发挥着越来越重要的作用。城市的不断扩张导致医疗机构的分布已不能适应当前的城市规模,如何能够将有限的医疗资源进行合理的分配,并能在最大程度上满足居民的需求成为当下研究热点。本研究基于地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析技术,根据统计资料建立武汉市中心城区交通网络、医疗机构分布、人口等数据库,分别从可达性和公平性角度评价武汉市医疗设施的空间分布合理性,并利用地理空间可达性评估法和基于交通网络行进时间成本法分别对武汉市中心城区医疗设施可达性进行评价。就医可达性评估显示,武汉市居民就医便捷程度总体上较好,并以长江和汉江的交界地区为中心,呈四周放射状分布。通过引入需求指数、医疗机构规模、区域人口、人均可支配收入等指标,利用基尼系数、空间相关性和空间分层异质性评价医疗服务设施空间分布公平性。结果表明,武汉市医疗机构分布按人口分布合理,医疗机构主要集中分布在人口密集的主城区;地理分布上城郊地区医疗机构相对稀少。最后,依据可达性和公平性评价结果,对武汉市医疗设施布局提出合理化建议。在城市规划发展中,应更多考虑改善郊区等交通欠发达区域居民的就医条件,从而完善城市医疗设施分布。
丁愫 , 陈报章 . 城市医疗设施空间分布合理性评估[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017 , 19(2) : 185 -196 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00185
With the development of economy and the improvement of living standards, urban residents pay more attention on health and medical facilities play a more and more significant role in public facilities. The continuous urban expansion make the distribution of medical facilities cannot meet the requirements of the size of the city. Thus, it is necessary to research on how to distribute medical resource reasonably and to fulfill residents′ requirement to the most extent. In this study, based on the spatial analysis of GIS, we established the database of urban traffic network, distribution of medical facilities and the population according to relevant statistical data for the downtown of Wuhan city. We also evaluated accessibility and equity of spatial distribution of medical facilities in Wuhan. The accessibility of medical facilities in downtown Wuhan was evaluated using the evaluation method of geographical spatial accessibility and the cost model of travel time based on traffic network. The assessment shows that the convenience to medical services is generally good in Wuhan, distributing radially around Yangtze and Hanjiang River. By introducing demand index, medical institution scale, regional population and per capita disposable income, the equity of medical service system was evaluated using the Gini coefficient, spatial correlation and spatial stratified heterogeneity. It indicated that the distribution of medical institutions in Wuhan is reasonable from the aspect of population distribution. Medical institutions are mainly distributed in the area of dense population while the distribution of medical institutions is comparatively rare in suburban area. The advice was proposedto improve the distributions of medical facilities. In suburban area where traffic is underdeveloped, medical conditions should be taken more considerations in city planning in order to improve the distribution of urban medical facilities.
Key words: GIS; medical facilities; accessibility; equity; Wuhan city
Tab. 1 The speed limit of each level of road表1 各级道路行进时间设置 |
道路等级 | 道路名称 | 限速/(km/h) | 行进时间/(s/栅格) |
---|---|---|---|
高速公路 | 武鄂高速 | 100 | 0.36 |
汉蔡高速 | 100 | 0.36 | |
机场高速 | 100 | 0.36 | |
东风大道 | 70 | 0.51 | |
汉施公路 | 70 | 0.51 | |
快速公路 | 建一路 | 70 | 0.51 |
汉西路 | 50 | 0.72 | |
二环路(发展大道) | 60 | 0.6 | |
三环路(中环) | 80 | 0.45 | |
解放大道 | 60 | 0.6 | |
地铁 | 轨道交通 | 80 | 0.45 |
轮渡 | 轮渡 | 20 | 1.8 |
Tab. 2 The levels of hospital and bed numbers表2 医院床位信息示例 |
医院名称 | 床位/个 |
---|---|
武汉市第八医院 | 300 |
武汉经济开发区神龙医院 | 98 |
武汉市第十一医院 | 405 |
武汉市第七医院 | 305 |
石化职工医院 | 120 |
中建三局职工医院 | 40 |
铁道地位勘察设计院职工医院 | 110 |
湖北省荣军医院 | 400 |
武汉市第九医院 | 300 |
湖北省航运职工医院 | 70 |
武汉市汉口铁路医院 | 499 |
武汉市普仁江岸医院 | 150 |
Tab. 3 The examples of population statistics data表3 人口数据统计示例 |
街道名称 | 人口/万 | 面积/km2 | 人口密度/(人/km2) |
---|---|---|---|
关山街 | 28.00 | 35.00 | 8000.00 |
长丰 | 1.60 | 16.88 | 945.08 |
后湖街 | 1.63 | 27.31 | 596.10 |
汉阳经济开发区 | 1.55 | 8.80 | 1766.59 |
红旗街 | 1.90 | 50.00 | 380.00 |
张家港街 | 5.90 | 91.80 | 642.70 |
紫阳街 | 4.96 | 1.39 | 35 691.37 |
冶金街 | 6.75 | 4.70 | 14 362.55 |
Fig. 1 Map of the distribution of traffic and medicalfacilities in study area图1 研究区交通与医疗设施分布图 |
Fig. 2 The principle of travel time cost图2 行进时间成本原理 |
Tab. 4 The statistics of the spatial distribution of population表4 空间人口分布统计 |
统计指标 | 人口数/人 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
40~7357 | 7358~15 428 | 15 429~25 143 | 25 144~40 239 | 40 240~70 993 | |
区域面积/% | 22.64 | 18.82 | 22.06 | 16.43 | 20.05 |
Fig. 3 Map of the spatial distribution of population served by medical institutions in Wuhan图3 武汉市医疗机构服务人口数量空间分布图 |
Fig. 4 The spatial distribution of shortesthome-to-hospital distance图4 居民点到医院的最短距离空间分布 |
Fig. 5 The distribution of time cost for hospitalizing图5 就医行进时间分布 |
Tab. 5 The frequency distribution of the hospital shortest distance表5 医院最短距离空间分布频率统计 |
统计指标 | 距离/km | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.27~0.31 | 0.31~0.49 | 0.49~0.66 | 0.66~0.82 | 0.82~1.02 | 1.02~1.48 | 1.48~2.45 | |
街道数/个 | 10 | 17 | 17 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 4 |
区域面积/% | 1.81 | 7.25 | 15.30 | 16.66 | 19.65 | 24.97 | 12.26 |
人口/% | 5.87 | 10.88 | 16.31 | 11.42 | 20.61 | 33.19 | 1.30 |
Tab. 6 The statistics of spatial distribution of the hospitalizing time cost表6 就医时间成本空间分布统计 |
统计指标 | 时间/h | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~0.21 | 0.21~0.54 | 0.54~0.89 | 0.89~1.28 | 1.28~1.72 | 1.72~2.30 | 2.30~3.74 | |
分类等级 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
区域面积/% | 5.89 | 27.81 | 25.66 | 18.26 | 12.16 | 7.72 | 2.50 |
人口/% | 10.45 | 32.35 | 26.70 | 17.16 | 9.25 | 3.55 | 0.53 |
Tab. 7 The statistics of the spatial distribution of average traffic time of the streets表7 街道居民出行便捷度空间分布统计 |
统计指标 | 时间/h | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.20~0.33 | 0.33~0.45 | 0.45~0.59 | 0.59~0.73 | 0.73~0.98 | 0.98~1.29 | 1.29~1.80 | |
街道数 | 5 | 16 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 9 | 4 |
街道面积/% | 2.27 | 9.38 | 19.27 | 5.56 | 37.61 | 6.94 | 18.97 |
Fig. 6 Map of the average traffic time of the streets图6 街道平均行进时间分布图 |
Fig. 7 Lorenz Curve of equity index图7 洛伦兹曲线法公平性评价指标图 |
Tab. 8 Input data of Geodetector表8 地理探测输入数据 |
Y(医疗资源 规模指数) | X1 (需求指数) | X2 (人口数) | X3(人均可 支配收入) | X4 (面积) |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.1178 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2 |
1.0865 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
0.7331 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 |
0.5037 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 |
0.8562 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
1.0340 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 |
0.3284 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
0.1918 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
0.1845 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
0.2949 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
Tab. 9 P-value of impact factors表9 影响因子power值 |
影响 因子 | X1 (需求指数) | X2 (人口) | X3(人均可 支配收入) | X4 (面积) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Power值 | 0.8862011 | 0.83663 | 0.1061468 | 0.600608 |
Tab. 10 The results of risk detector of per capita disposable income表10 人均可支配收入风险探测结果 |
人均可支配收入分级 | 医疗指标均值 |
---|---|
1 | 0.223743 |
5 | 0.665655 |
Tab. 11 Statistical difference of per capita disposable income between different categories表11 人均可支配收入不同区域医疗资源指数的统计学差异 |
差异 | 1 | 5 |
---|---|---|
1 | ||
5 | Y |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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