黄土高原生态退耕的时空分异特征
作者简介:杜国明(1978-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为土地资源优化配置。E-mail:nmgdgm@126.com
收稿日期: 2016-03-28
要求修回日期: 2016-05-23
网络出版日期: 2017-03-20
基金资助
国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目“空心村快速调查识别与整治关键技术研究”(2014BAL01B01)
Temporal and Spatial-Differentiation Characteristics of Ecological Restoration in Loess Plateau
Received date: 2016-03-28
Request revised date: 2016-05-23
Online published: 2017-03-20
Copyright
生态退耕是调整陆地生态系统结构与功能以应对土地利用过度干扰的重要途径之一,因此科学掌握退耕格局与耕地格局演变对黄土高原生态环境治理与生态修复具有深远意义。本文以位于黄土高原的延安市为典型区,从生态退耕的整体特征、地形因素及区域差异等角度,探究生态退耕以来其耕地变化及退耕状况的空间分异特征。结果表明:生态退耕致使延安市耕地面积由2000年的11 752.80 km2减少为2013年的9149.93 km2,退耕面积为2756.85 km2,退耕指数为22.15%,且退耕耕地主要转化为林地、草地,占退耕面积的95.29%;耕地与退耕面积主要分布于6~15°、15~25°坡度及第II级(925~1115 m)、第III级(1115~1275 m),且2005-2013年的生态退耕速率均高于2000-2005年的生态退耕速率;县域退耕面积及退耕程度均呈现由北向南依次递减的分异特征,而退耕重心与耕地重心均在延安市几何中心以北的安塞县与宝塔区边界,且生态退耕的重心由东北向西南方向迁移,耕地重心则由北向南迁移。本文通过对延安市生态退耕的时空分异特征分析可为黄土高原更加科学合理地推进生态保育与生态文明建设提供参考。
杜国明 , 孙晓兵 , 刘彦随 , 郑惠玉 , 马榕徽 . 黄土高原生态退耕的时空分异特征[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017 , 19(3) : 355 -364 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00355
Ecological restoration is an important way to adjust the structure and function of ecosystem in order to cope with the excessive interference of land use. Scientific mastery of restoration pattern and farmland pattern evolution has a profound significance on the management of regional ecological environment and the conservation of vegetation in Loess Plateau. This study, taking Yan'an City in Loess Plateau as a typical area, explores the spatial differentiation characteristics of farmland variation and restoration status from the overall characteristics of ecological restoration, topographic factors and regional differences since ecological restoration. The results show that the arable land of Yan'an City decreased from 11752.80 km2 to 9149.93km2 due to the ecology restoration during 2000-2013. The returned farmland is 2756.85 km2, and the returned farmland index is 22.15%. The cultivated land was mostly converted to forest and grassland accounting for 95.29% of the total amount. Farmland and the returned farmland area was mainly distributed in slope (6~25°) and the altitude level of II(925~1115 m), III(1115~1275 m), IV(1275~1442 m), which accounted for more than 70% of the area. The degree of farmland returning increased gradually with the increase of slope, with the land reclamation rate decreased gradually with the increase of slope and elevation. The highest degree of ecological restoration is the altitude level of IV, and the least is altitude level of III. The ecological restoration rate of 2005-2013 was higher than that of 2000-2005. The area and extent of restoration in county decreased from north to south. The center of farmland returning and cultivated land is located in the boundary of Ansai county and Baota District which are in the north of Yan’an City. The center of ecological restoration was changing from northeast to southwest while the center of cultivated land was changing from north to south. This study may provide more scientific and reasonable reference for ecological conservation and construction of ecological civilization in Loess Plateau by the analysis of spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics of ecological restoration in Yan'an city.
Fig. 1 The location of Yan'an City图1 延安市地理位置示意图 |
Tab. 1 Classification and area proportion ofslope and altitude表1 高程与坡度分级标准及面积比例 |
地形要素 | 分级标准 | 级别 | 面积/km2 | 比例/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
高程/m | 362~925 | I | 2581.96 | 7.00 |
925~1115 | II | 8003.76 | 21.69 | |
1115~1275 | III | 9845.04 | 26.68 | |
1275~1442 | IV | 9564.36 | 25.92 | |
1442~1795 | V | 6907.07 | 18.72 | |
坡度/° | ≤2 | 1 | 1272.43 | 3.45 |
2~6 | 2 | 4184.40 | 11.34 | |
6~15 | 3 | 14 443.46 | 39.14 | |
15~25 | 4 | 13 046.39 | 35.35 | |
>25 | 5 | 3955.50 | 10.72 |
Fig. 2 Spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land in Yan'an city during 2000-2013图2 2000-2013年延安市耕地空间分布特征 |
Fig. 3 Transformation characteristics of cultivated land in Yan'an city during 2000-2013图3 2000-2013年延安市各时段退耕耕地的转化特征 |
Fig. 4 Area of cultivated land and the reclamation rate of different altitudes in Yan'an city during 2000-2013图4 2000-2013年延安市各级高程的耕地面积及垦殖率 |
Fig. 5 Area of cultivated land and the reclamation rate of different slopes in Yan'an city during 2000-2013图5 2000-2013年延安市各坡度的耕地面积及垦殖率 |
Fig. 6 The ecological restoration area and the returned farmland index of county in Yan'an city during 2000-2013图6 2000-2013年延安市县域各时段生态退耕面积及退耕指数 |
Fig. 7 Changes of cultivated land and farmland conversion center for different periods in Yan'an city during 2000-2013图7 2000-2013年延安市不同时段耕地及退耕重心变化图 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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