不同城市规划的生态质量差异对比研究
作者简介:方灿莹(1993-),女,福建漳州人,硕士,主要从事城市化及其环境影响评价研究。E-mail: 1158985715@qq.com
收稿日期: 2016-12-07
要求修回日期: 2017-03-23
网络出版日期: 2017-08-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41501469)
Comparison of the Ecological Quality between Different Urban Plannings
Received date: 2016-12-07
Request revised date: 2017-03-23
Online published: 2017-08-20
Copyright
为定量分析不同城市规划理念带来的生态质量差异,本文以福州市在不同时期规划建设的2座体育场馆为例,基于Sentinel-2A遥感影像,应用新型遥感生态指数RSEI分析对比了这2座体育场馆的生态效应。在全面分析其主要地表覆盖信息的基础上,探讨了二者之间生态质量差异的原因。研究发现,采用传统理念规划的福建省奥林匹克体育中心的生态指数RSEI均值为0.39,而实行绿色生态规划的海峡奥林匹克体育中心的RSEI均值为0.42,优于福建省奥林匹克体育中心。总的看来,海峡奥体中心在规划中采用透水铺装和不勾缝的铺装形式,加大绿地斑块面积以及预留风道等绿色措施有效地提高了地表湿度、降低了地表温度和干度,从而对该体育中心的生态质量起到积极的作用。
关键词: 遥感; 生态质量; RSEI指数; 绿色生态城区规划; Sentinel-2A遥感影像
方灿莹 , 胡秀娟 , 徐涵秋 , 王美雅 , 林中立 . 不同城市规划的生态质量差异对比研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017 , 19(8) : 1097 -1107 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01097
The rapid urbanization has brought about the benefit to the human society. Nevertheless, it also leads to a series of ecological problems, such as urban heat island and urban waterlogging. According to the blueprint and guidance for urban development, urban planning has a profound implication on the urban ecological quality in various ways. Therefore, a timely and precisely monitoring and assessment of ecological responses to different urban planning techniques have become an important issue for regional decision-makers. To meet this requirement, taking two sports centers that were built in 1980s and 2010s, respectively, in Fuzhou city as cases, this study utilized a recently developed Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) to assess the ecological responses of the two sports centers to their different planning manners. A Sentinel-2A image dated on June 23, 2016 was employed to compute the RSEI of two sports centers. Furthermore, three thematic indices, Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index (NDISI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), were utilized to extract the thematic features of impervious surface, vegetation and open water, respectively, from the used satellite images. The overall accuracies of the thematic feature extraction were greater than 90.0%. In addition, the Red Edge Position (REP) was calculated to estimate the state of vegetation growth. Based on the analysis of the main land cover information, the reasons for the differences of ecological quality between the two sports centers were then carried out. Results showed that the RSEI value of the Fujian Olympic Sports Center, built in 1980s with traditional planning manner, was 0.39, while the Fuzhou Strait Olympic Sports Center, recently-built with green ecological planning thought, had a higher value of 0.42, indicating a higher ecological quality of the Fuzhou Strait Olympic Sports Center. This owes mainly to the green ecological planning for the sports center. The green construction techniques used in the planning of the Fuzhou Strait Olympic Sports Center include the use of pervious surface, pavement without pointing joint, increase in green patches area, and reservation of wind corridors. These have effectively improved the ground wetness, reduced the land surface temperature and dryness, and thus have a great contribution to the ecological quality of the center. In addition, due to the immature status of the green plants in the Fuzhou Strait Olympic Sports Center, the vegetation growth in this center was slightly worse than that of the Fujian Olympic Sports Center, suggested by a relatively low mean NDVI value (0.522) of the center, compared with 0.562 of the Fujian Olympic Sports Center. Nevertheless, it is predictable that the NDVI of the Fuzhou Strait Olympic Sports Center could be higher than that of the Fujian Olympic Sports Center after a period of plant growth, and the ecological quality of the center would be further enhanced. On the whole, this study revealed that the adverse impact on ecological quality brought by urban construction could be effectively reduced by the green urban planning technology. Hence, it is essential to formulate and implement the green eco-environment conservation measures during the urban planning and construction so as to prevent further deterioration of the ecological environment.
Fig. 1 Sentinel-2A images of Fujian Olympic Sports Center and Fuzhou Strait Olympic Sports Center (Red frame indicates the boundary of the sports centers)图1 福建省省体中心和奥体中心遥感影像(红色实线代表体育场馆边界) |
Tab. 1 Comparison of multi-spectral bands of Sentinel-2A with SPOT 5表1 Sentinel-2A与SPOT 5影像多光谱波段的主要参数对比 |
Sentinel-2A | SPOT-5 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
波段号 | 波段 | 波长/um | 空间分辨率/m | 辐射分辨率/bit | 波段号 | 波段 | 波长/um | 空间分辨率/m | 辐射分辨率/bit | |
1 | Coastal | 0.430~0.457 | 60 | 12 | ||||||
2 | Blue | 0.440~0.538 | 10 | 12 | ||||||
3 | Green | 0.537~0.582 | 10 | 12 | 1 | Green | 0.50~0.59 | 10 | 8 | |
4 | Red | 0.646~0.684 | 10 | 12 | 2 | Red | 0.61~0.68 | 10 | 8 | |
5 | Red edge | 0.694~0.713 | 20 | 12 | ||||||
6 | 0.731~0.749 | 20 | 12 | |||||||
7 | 0.769~0.797 | 20 | 12 | |||||||
8 | NIR-1 | 0.760~0.908 | 10 | 12 | 3 | NIR | 0.78~0.89 | 10 | 8 | |
8b | NIR-2 | 0.848~0.881 | 20 | 12 | ||||||
9 | Water vapor | 0.932~0.958 | 60 | 12 | ||||||
12 | ||||||||||
12 | ||||||||||
10 | Cirrus | 1.337~1.412 | 60 | 12 | ||||||
11 | MIR-1 | 1.539~1.682 | 20 | 12 | 4 | MIR | 1.58~1.75 | 20 | 8 | |
12 | MIR-2 | 2.078~2.320 | 20 | 12 |
Tab. 2 Weather Data (from China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System)表2 福州乌山天气数据(来源:中国气象数据网) |
日期 | 时间/h | 气压/hpa | 海平面气压/hpa | 气温/℃ | 相对湿度/% | 降水量/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016-06-23 | 11 | 998.2 | 1007.8 | 33.7 | 61 | 0 |
2016-06-24 | 11 | 997.5 | 1007.1 | 33.6 | 61 | 0 |
2016-06-25 | 11 | 998.4 | 1007.9 | 34.0 | 58 | 0 |
Tab. 3 The main land cover types of Fujian Olympic Sports Center and Fuzhou Strait Olympic Sports Center表3 福建省省体中心和奥体中心的主要地表覆盖信息 |
省体中心 | 奥体中心 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积/hm2 | 百分比/% | 面积/hm2 | 百分比/% | ||
不透水面 | 28.54 | 69.09 | 82.82 | 62.75 | |
植被 | 12.62 | 30.55 | 42.62 | 32.29 | |
水体 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 3.15 | 2.39 | |
绿地斑块平均 面积/hm2 | 0.18 | 0.29 |
Fig. 2 RSEI images of the two sports centers图2 省体中心与奥体中心遥感生态指数RSEI影像 |
Tab. 4 Statistics of four indicators and RSEI of the two sports centers表4 福建省省体中心和奥体中心4个指标和遥感生态指数RSEI的统计值 |
类别 | 区域 | 湿度(Wet) | 绿度(NDVI) | 干度(NDSI) | 热度(LST) | 遥感生态指数(RSEI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值 | 省体中心 | 0.362 | 0.562 | 0.578 | 0.580 | 0.390 |
奥体中心 | 0.448 | 0.522 | 0.545 | 0.521 | 0.420 | |
PC1载荷值 | 省体中心奥体中心 | 0.312 | 0.646 | -0.434 | -0.545 |
注:由于本研究基于整幅影像计算遥感生态指数RSEI,因此奥体中心和省体中心的PC1载荷值一致 |
Fig. 3 Regression analysis of impervious surface and LST |
Tab. 5 Area and percent of the RSEI-based ecological grades表5 生态级别面积和比例 |
生态等级 | 省体中心 | 奥体中心 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积/hm2 | 百分比/% | 面积/hm2 | 百分比/% | ||
差 | 14.64 | 35.44 | 37.21 | 28.19 | |
中 | 24.96 | 60.42 | 83.83 | 63.52 | |
优 | 1.71 | 4.14 | 10.94 | 8.29 |
Fig. 4 Ground pavement of the two sports centers图4 福建省省体中心和奥体中心的地面铺装 |
Fig. 5 Wind corridors in the Fuzhou Strait Olympic area (from the Institute of Fuzhou Urban Planning & Research)图5 福州海峡奥体绿色生态城区风道示意图(据福州市规划设计研究院) |
Tab. 6 The red edge position of vegetations in the two sports centers (nm)表6 福建省省体中心和奥体中心植被红边位置(nm) |
类别 | 省体中心 | 奥体中心 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
草地 | 树木 | 草地 | 树木 | ||
均值 | 724.00 | 723.96 | 722.78 | 722.42 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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