基于地表能量平衡的厦门岛城市功能区人为热排放分析
作者简介:刘嘉慧(1992-),女,硕士生,主要从事城市环境遥感与GIS研究。E-mail: jhliu@iue.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2017-09-26
要求修回日期: 2018-02-12
网络出版日期: 2018-07-13
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41371392、71573242、71273252)
Analysis of Anthropogenic Heat Discharge of Urban Functional Regions Based on Surface Energy Balance in Xiamen Island
Received date: 2017-09-26
Request revised date: 2018-02-12
Online published: 2018-07-13
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41371392, 71573242 ,71273252
Copyright
人为热排放不仅是城市热岛形成的重要因子,而且是与能源消耗密切相关的指标,对其大小和变化特征进行分析有利于减缓城市热岛与节能减排。本文以厦门岛为研究区,利用2009年多时相的Landsat TM影像和地表能量平衡模型反演出不同季节的人为热排放,在此基础上结合IKONOS影像解译的城市功能区,分析不同类型城市功能区人为热排放的时空变化特征。结果表明:不同类型城市功能区的人为热排放均在夏季达到最大,春季最小;工业区的人为热排放一直高于其他类型的城市功能区;工业区人为热排放高值区主要集中厦门岛西部传统的重点工业区,交通区人为热排放高值区的空间分布与厦门岛“三纵四横”的交通干线分布格局相吻合,居住区人为热排放高值区主要集中在旧城区,商业及公共设施区人为热排放高值区主要集中在单体建筑大的商圈和公共设施;总体上厦门岛西部的人为热排放比东部要高。这种时空分布的差异性与用地类型、人口数量与经济发展程度密切相关,而且建筑物的密度、高度和下垫面的材料通过影响其他地表通量来改变人为热排放的大小。通过分析不同城市功能区人为热排放的时空变化特征,可以从更微观的角度理解城市热环境和能源利用现状,为促进城市可持续发展提供理论依据。
刘嘉慧 , 赵小锋 , 林剑艺 . 基于地表能量平衡的厦门岛城市功能区人为热排放分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018 , 20(7) : 1026 -1036 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2018.170450
Anthropogenic heat discharge not only constitutes the cause of urban heat island (UHI) formation, but also is an important indicator related to energy consumption. It is important to analysis the magnitude and variation of anthropogenic heat discharge in order to mitigate UHI effect and improve energy efficiency. This paper examined the spatio-temporal variation of anthropogenic heat discharge in the Xiamen Island, China using Landsat TM data and meteorological data. First, the anthropogenic heat discharge was estimated with a remote sensing-based surface energy balance model. Then, the urban functional regions derived from IKONOS data were combined with the anthropogenic heat discharge. The results indicate that the anthropogenic heat discharge in different types of urban functional regions reaches the maximum in summer and the minimum in spring. The anthropogenic heat discharge of industrial area was higher than those in the other regions for all seasons. The high anthropogenic heat discharge occurred in the old industrial bases in the west of Xiamen Island. In traffic area, high anthropogenic heat discharge was observed in the Changan Road, Jiahe Road, Chenggong Avenue, Xianyue Road, North Hubin Road-Lvling Road, South Hubin Road-East Lianqian Road. In residential area, high anthropogenic heat discharge was observed in the old town. The high anthropogenic heat discharge occurred in the large single buildings in commercial and public area. Overall, the anthropogenic heat discharge in the western part of Xiamen Island was higher than that in the east. The differences of spatial and seasonal distribution were closely related to land cover types, population and the degree of economic development. Moreover, the density and height of the buildings and materials of land cover change the amount of anthropogenic heat discharge by affecting other surface fluxes. This paper brings a more microscopic perspective by analyzing the spatio-temporal variation of anthropogenic heat discharge in different urban functional regions to study urban thermal environment and energy utilization, as well as to provide a theoretical basis for promoting urban sustainable development.
Fig. 1 The study area of Xiamen Island图1 研究区概况图 |
Fig. 2 Land use and cover classification maps of Xiamen Island in four seasons in 2009 derived from the TM data图2 2009年厦门岛不同季节TM影像土地利用分类结果图 |
Fig. 3 Land use and cover classification maps of Xiamen Island in 2009 derived from the IKONOS data图3 2009年厦门岛IKONOS影像土地利用分类结果图 |
Tab. 1 Meteorological data表1 气象数据 |
时间 | 气象数据 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
大气压/hpa | 大气温度/℃ | 风速/(m/s) | 水汽压/hpa | |
2009-01-13(冬) | 1016.6 | 9.2 | 3.4 | 5.1 |
2009-03-18(春) | 998.3 | 20.8 | 1.9 | 16 |
2009-06-06(夏) | 1001.7 | 28.9 | 1.8 | 20.7 |
2010-10-31(秋) | 1019.4 | 21.3 | 2.4 | 8.9 |
Tab. 2 Coefficient cg for different surface coverage types and seasons表2 不同土地覆盖类型和不同季节的cg值 |
分类 | 月份 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3 | 6 | 10 | |
建设用地 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
裸地 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
水体 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
农田 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
林地 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
滩涂 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Tab. 3 ɛ 、Z0m、Z0h and d for different surface coverage types表3 不同土地利用类型的ɛ 、Z0m、Z0h和d的值 |
分类 | 建设用地 | 裸地 | 水体 | 农田 | 林地 | 滩涂 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ɛ | 0.967 | 0.975 | 0.995 | 0.985 | 0.986 | 0.998 |
Z0m | 0.33 | 0.001 | 0.00003 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.001 |
Z0h | 0.0033 | 0.00002 | 0.000088 | 0.001 | 0.0003 | 0.00002 |
d | 1.66 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 0.05 |
Fig. 4 Anthropogenic heat discharge distribution for built-up area of Xiamen Island in four seasons in 2009图4 2009年不同季节厦门岛建成区人为热排放分布图 |
Tab. 4 Averages and maximums of anthropogenic heat discharge for different types of urban functional regions on four seasons表4 四季不同类型城市功能区人为热排放的平均值和最大值(W/m2) |
城市功能区 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | 最大值 | ||||
工业区 | 96.8 | 298.1 | 223.7 | 513.5 | 158.5 | 374.1 | 197.7 | 394.7 | |||
交通区 | 48.1 | 294.7 | 182.4 | 447.9 | 115.3 | 368.9 | 184.1 | 396.5 | |||
居住区 | 20.1 | 247.7 | 159.8 | 433.6 | 82.2 | 290.4 | 154.3 | 321.5 | |||
商业及公共设施区 | 27.9 | 258.3 | 172.9 | 430.2 | 103.4 | 350.7 | 165.8 | 370.2 |
Fig. 5 Anthropogenic heat discharge distribution for industrial area of Xiamen Island in four seasons in 2009图5 2009年不同季节工业区人为热排放分布图 |
Fig. 6 Anthropogenic heat discharge distribution for traffic area of Xiamen Island in four seasons in 2009图6 2009年不同季节交通区人为热排放分布图 |
Fig. 7 Anthropogenic heat discharge distribution for residential area of Xiamen Island in four seasons in 2009图7 2009年不同季节居住区人为热排放分布图 |
Fig. 8 Anthropogenic heat discharge distribution for commercial and public area of Xiamen Island in four seasons in 2009图8 2009年不同季节商业及公共设施区人为热排放分布图 |
Tab. 5 Heat fluxes ratios to net radiation between the present study and previous studies表5 本研究与其他研究的地表通量占净辐射比例结果对比 |
研究区 | 时间 | H/Rn | LE/Rn | A |
---|---|---|---|---|
厦门岛 | 2009-01-13 | 0.47 | 0.02 | 103.3 |
2009-03-18 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 34.4 | |
2009-06-06 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 106.6 | |
2010-10-31 | 0.34 | 0.02 | 66 | |
印第安纳波利斯[15,36] | 2012-10-11 | 0.39 | 0.18 | - |
2001-06-16 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 78 | |
名古屋[16] | 2000-07-10 | 0.56 | 0.02 | 99 |
2000-12-08 | 0.46 | 0.02 | 82 |
注:-表示参考文献中无该值的结果 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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