基于改进U-Net网络的高分遥感影像水体提取
何红术(1993- ), 男,重庆人,硕士生,研究方向为深度学习遥感信息提取、地理信息系统。E-mail:hhs10010@163.com |
收稿日期: 2019-10-24
要求修回日期: 2020-02-16
网络出版日期: 2020-12-25
基金资助
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0503905)
国家自然科学基金项目(41971363)
版权
Water Body Extraction of High Resolution Remote Sensing Image based on Improved U-Net Network
Received date: 2019-10-24
Request revised date: 2020-02-16
Online published: 2020-12-25
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0503905)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971363)
Copyright
传统基于光谱信息的水体提取未能考虑水体形状、纹理、大小、相邻关系等问题,且存在同物异谱、异物同谱现象,导致水体提取精度较低。而传统基于分类提取水体方法设计特征过程较为繁琐,且不能挖掘深度信息特征。因此,本文提出改进的U-Net网络语义分割方法,借鉴经典U-Net网络的解编码结构对网络进行改进:① 将VGG网络用于收缩路径以提取特征;② 在扩张路径中对低维特征信息进行加强,将收缩特征金字塔上一层的特征图与下一层对应扩张路径上的特征图进行融合,以提高提取结果分割精度;③ 在分类后处理中引入条件随机场,以将分割结果精细化。在保持相同训练集、验证集和测试集的情况下,分别用SegNet、经典U-Net网络和改进的U-Net网络做对照试验。试验结果表明,改进的U-Net网络结构在IoU、精准率和Kappa系数指标上均高于SegNet和经典U-Net网络,与SegNet相比,3项指标分别提升了10.5%、12.3%和0.14,与经典U-Net网络结果相比,各个指标分别提升了5.8%、4.4%和0.05。改进的网络水体提取结果较为完整,对小目标水体能够准确提取。改进的U-Net网络能够有效地实现水体提取任务。
何红术 , 黄晓霞 , 李红旮 , 倪凌佳 , 王新歌 , 陈崇 , 柳泽 . 基于改进U-Net网络的高分遥感影像水体提取[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020 , 22(10) : 2010 -2022 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.190622
There are two main methods of traditional water body extraction: a method based on spectral information and a method based on classification. Traditional water body extraction methods based on spectral information fail to take into account features such as water body shape, internal texture, water body size, and adjacent relations of water body. Also, there is a common phenomenon of “same object with different spectra and same spectrum with different objects”, which could result in low accuracy of water body extraction. Thus, the traditional methods that design features based on classification to extract water body is complex and impossible to capture the deep information of water body features. This paper proposed an improved U-Net network semantic segmentation method, which uses the de-encoding structure of the classic U-Net network to improve the network: ① Use the VGG network to shrink the path and increase the depth of the network to extract deep features of the water; ② Strengthen the low-dimensional feature information in the expansion path, fuse the feature map on the next layer of the shrinking feature pyramid with the feature map on the corresponding expansion path in the next layer, and enhance the model's low-dimensional feature information to improve the classification accuracy of the model; and ③ The Conditional Random Feld (CRF) was introduced in the post-classification process to refine the segmentation results and improve the segmentation accuracy. In the study of Qingdao area, SegNet, classic U-Net network, and improved U-Net network were selected as controlled experiments while maintaining the same training set, validation set, and test set. The test results show that the improved U-Net network structure performed better than SegNet and classic U-Net networks in terms of IoU, accuracy rate and Kappa coefficient. Compared with SegNet, the three indicators increased by 10.5%, 12.3%, and 0.14, respectively. Compared with the results of the classic U-Net network, each indicator increased by 5.8%, 4.4% and 0.05, respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the improved method in this paper. In addition, the method proposed in this paper has more advantages than the other two networks in the extraction of small targets in the test area, the completeness of water body extraction, the distinction between shadows and water bodies, and the accuracy of boundary segmentation. In order to verify the space-time scalability of the model, this paper chose western Qingdao and Xining, Qinghai as the verification areas. The verification results show that the water body extraction was good for areas similar to the geographical environment of the experimental area, and the effect of water body extraction needs to be further improved in places that differ greatly from the geographical environment of the experimental area. In general, the improved U-Net network can effectively achieve the task of water extraction.
表1 VGG16 网络结构配置Tab. 1 VGG16 network structure configuration |
感受野 | 步长 | 填充 | 输出大小 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
InputRGBimage:3@256×256 | ||||
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 64@256×256 |
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 64@256×256 |
Max-pooling | 64@128×128 | |||
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 128@128×128 |
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 128@128×128 |
Max-pooling | 128@64×64 | |||
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 256@64×64 |
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 256@64×64 |
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 256@64×64 |
Max-pooling | 256@32×32 | |||
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 512@32×32 |
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 512@32×32 |
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 512@32×32 |
Max-pooling | 512@16×16 | |||
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 512@16×16 |
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 512@16×16 |
Conv+ReLU | 3×3 | 1 | 1 | 512@16×16 |
Max-pooling | 512@8×8 |
表2 青岛研究区遥感影像信息Tab. 2 RemotesensingimageinformationintheQingdaostudyarea |
影像编号 | 中心经度/°E | 中心纬度/°N | 成像时间 | 影像大小/像素×像素 |
---|---|---|---|---|
L1A0003593712 | 120.5 | 36.7 | 2018-11-12 | 27 620×35 273 |
L1A0003593719 | 120.4 | 36.3 | 2018-11-12 | 27 620×35 113 |
L1A0003593868 | 120.6 | 36.3 | 2018-11-12 | 27 620×35 191 |
表3 基础系统平台配置Tab. 3 Basic system platform configuration |
项目 | 系统 | CPU | 内存 | 硬盘 | 显卡 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
内容 | Ubuntu 16.04 | Intel E5- 1630 | 8 GB | 500 GB | NVIDIA GTX970 |
表4 重要软件配置Tab. 4 Important software configuration |
项目 | GPU-Driver | CUDA | Python | Keras | Tensorflow-gpu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
内容 | 384 | 8.0 | 3.6 | 2.2.4 | 1.4.0 |
表5 研究区5个典型区域不同方法水体提取结果比较Tab. 5 Comparison of water extraction results by different methods in 5 typical areas of the study area |
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表6 精度评价混淆矩阵Tab. 6 Confusion matrix for accuracy evaluation |
实际正类 | 实际负类 | |
---|---|---|
预测正类 | TP | FP |
预测负类 | FN | TN |
表7 水体提取结果精度比较Tab. 7 Accuracy comparison of water extraction results |
方法 | IoU/% | 精准率/% | Kappa系数 |
---|---|---|---|
SegNet | 77.6 | 82.5 | 0.79 |
经典U-net | 82.3 | 90.4 | 0.88 |
改进后的U-Net网络 | 88.1 | 94.8 | 0.93 |
表8 应用区遥感影像信息Tab. 8 Remote sensing image information in the application area |
影像编号 | 中心经度/°E | 中心纬度/°N | 成像时间 | 影像大小/像素×像素 |
---|---|---|---|---|
L1A0003553729 | 120.1 | 36.3 | 2018-10-28 | 276 20×292 00 |
L1A0003351642 | 101.5 | 36.8 | 2018-07-26 | 276 20×292 00 |
表9 应用区5个典型区域水体提取结果比较Tab. 9 Comparison of water extraction results in 5 typical areas of the application area |
区域1 | 区域2 | 区域3 | 区域4 | 区域5 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
青岛 | 原始 影像 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
水体 信息 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |
西宁 | 原始 影像 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
水体 信息 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
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