一种星载平台轻量化快速影像匹配方法
岳振宇(1997— ),男,山东德州人,硕士生,主要从事数字摄影测量研究。E-mail: 2015301610373@whu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2021-09-01
要求修回日期: 2021-10-18
网络出版日期: 2022-07-25
基金资助
高分遥感测绘应用示范系统(二期)(42-Y30B04-9001-19/21)
国家自然科学基金项目(41971427)
版权
A Generation Method of Spaceborne Lightweight and Fast Matching
Received date: 2021-09-01
Request revised date: 2021-10-18
Online published: 2022-07-25
Supported by
High Resolution Remote Sensing, Surveying and Mapping Application Demonstration System(42-Y30B04-9001-19/21)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971427)
Copyright
针对现有传统影像匹配在星载平台有限的存储及算力条件下难以快速计算的问题,本文提出一种适用于星载平台的、基于哈希学习的轻量化快速影像匹配方法。该方法以同源卫星影像的特征描述符作为训练集计算哈希函数,并利用训练好的哈希函数将特征点的浮点型特征描述符映射至汉明空间,实现特征点对间相似度的快速计算,进一步通过剔除误匹配点获得精确匹配结果。同时,训练集中的特征描述符的种类可根据星载平台载荷的传感器类型、影像分辨率及目标区域影像的地貌类型进行灵活选择,使得本文方法具备良好的可重构性;计算汉明距离衡量特征点对间的相似度,提高本文方法在星载平台轻量化处理的应用能力。选取不同时刻资源三号卫星影像及高分七号卫星影像进行匹配对比实验,本文方法轻量化处理后的LW-SIFT方法相较于经典SIFT方法,在耗时方面减少50.12%,且增加正确匹配点数达20.28%。实验结果表明,本文方法能够显著提升影像匹配的精确度及时效性,有较大的应用潜力,能够为星载平台应用提供有力支撑。
岳振宇 , 范大昭 , 董杨 , 纪松 , 李东子 . 一种星载平台轻量化快速影像匹配方法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2022 , 24(5) : 925 -939 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2022.210529
To solve the existing problem that traditional matching methods are difficult to achieve fast matching on the spaceborne platform under the condition of limited storage and computing power. So, this paper proposes a fast image matching algorithm based on spaceborne platform. The feature descriptors of the same-origin satellite images are used as the training set to calculate the hash function, and the floating-point feature descriptors are mapped to the Hamming space to calculate the similarity. The mismatching elimination method is used to get a set of matching points with higher matching accuracy. And the types of feature descriptors can be flexibly adjusted according to the sensor type of the spaceborne platform load, image resolution, and landform type of the target area image, which makes the proposed method have good reconfigurability. The hamming distance is calculated to measure the similarity between feature point pairs and improve the application ability of the method in the light-weight processing of the spaceborne platform. The matching experiments of different geomorphological features using the different orbital imageries from ZY-3 and GF-7 satellites are completed. The experiments prove that compared with the SIFT, the LW-SIFT (Light Weight Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) proposed in the paper can achieve satellite remote sensing image matching more efficiently, reducing time consumption by 50.12% and increasing the number of correct matching points by 20.28 %. This proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy and timeliness of matching and has a large application potential for spaceborne platform applications.
表1 同源影像数据集Tab. 1 Same-source image data set |
实验1 | 实验2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
左影像 | 右影像 | 左影像 | 右影像 | 左影像 | 右影像 | ||
卫星名称 | ZY3-1 | ZY3-1 | GF7 | GF7 | GF7 | GF7 | |
传感器 | NAD | NAD | BWD | BWD | FWD | FWD | |
采集时间 | 2019-05-22 | 2020-05-10 | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | |
分辨率/m | 2.10 | 2.10 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
表2 匹配方法使用情况Tab. 2 Matching method usage |
序号 | 特征检测方法 | 描述符生成方法 | 描述符维度 | 描述符存储类型 | 描述符存储大小/bit | 描述符匹配方法 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | SIFT | SIFT | 128 | float | 4096 | ANN | |
2 | LW-SIFT | SIFT-Hamming | 128 | unsigned char | 128 | BF-Hamming | |
3 | SURF | SURF | 64 | float | 2048 | ANN | |
4 | LW-SURF | SURF-Hamming | 64 | unsigned char | 64 | BF-Hamming | |
5 | BRISK | BRISK | 64 | unsigned char | 64 | BF | |
6 | ORB | ORB | 32 | unsigned char | 32 | BF-Hamming |
图5 4类地物不同匹配方法检测特征点数比较Fig. 5 Comparison of the number of feature points detected by different matching methods for four types of ground features |
图6 4类地物不同匹配方法检测到的正确匹配点对数目比较Fig. 6 Comparison of the number of correct matching point pairs detected by different matching methods for four types of features |
表3 4类地貌区域的匹配效果比对Tab. 3 Comparison of the matching effect of the four types of geomorphic regions |
匹配方法 | 地貌类型 | 影像数量 | 检测特征点 总数/个 | RANSAC后正确匹配总数/个 | 匹配总耗时/s | 平均特征点 增加比率/% | 平均耗时减少 比率/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SIFT | 农田 | 27 | 1 179 572 | 26 503 | 433.544 | - | - |
山地 | 46 | 2 253 819 | 94 751 | 853.594 | - | - | |
居民地 | 13 | 988 022 | 46 923 | 288.170 | - | - | |
城镇 | 35 | 2 108 630 | 60 043 | 821.901 | - | - | |
LW-SIFT | 农田 | 27 | 925 733 | 31 153 | 178.002 | 18.87 | 57.26 |
山地 | 46 | 1 766 759 | 114 827 | 367.511 | 21.19 | 54.18 | |
居民地 | 13 | 768 160 | 56 137 | 231.192 | 19.64 | 39.50 | |
城镇 | 35 | 1 641 941 | 72 876 | 380.483 | 21.37 | 49.56 |
表4 异轨影像的匹配效果比对Tab. 4 Comparison of the matching effect of hetero-track images |
影像类型 | 匹配方法 | 检测特征点总数/个 | RANSAC优化后正确匹配总数/个 | 匹配总耗时/s | 平均特征点增加 比率/% | 平均耗时减少 比率/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G7-BWD (80-23) | SIFT | 1 286 691 | 23 827 | 534.625 | - | - |
LW-SIFT | 1 015 306 | 28 040 | 299.209 | 16.59 | 32.36 | |
SURF | 1 626 460 | 40 505 | 600.890 | - | - | |
LW-SURF | 942 109 | 8 667 | 224.770 | -75.80 | 60.45 | |
BRISK | 1 202 657 | 28 202 | 182.361 | - | - | |
ORB | 4 186 775 | 130 829 | 1 143.461 | - | - | |
G7-FWD (36-10) | SIFT | 304 796 | 3 129 | 145.891 | - | - |
LW-SIFT | 240 096 | 3 648 | 98.684 | 17.68 | 44.03 | |
SURF | 639 063 | 6 566 | 222.127 | - | - | |
LW-SURF | 376 989 | 1 589 | 87.859 | -78.60 | 62.59 | |
BRISK | 267 828 | 6 631 | 51.944 | - | - | |
ORB | 990 204 | 25 187 | 218.379 | - | - |
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