地缘政治经济背景下中老-中越边境地区橡胶林时空扩展特征研究
肖池伟(1991— ),男,湖北荆州人,博士,副研究员,研究方向为资源地理与边境地理。E-mail: xiaocw@igsnrr.ac.cn |
收稿日期: 2021-11-17
修回日期: 2021-12-04
网络出版日期: 2022-10-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42130508)
国家自然科学基金项目(42001226)
国家自然科学基金项目(41971242)
Spatial-temporal Pattern of Rubber Expansion in the Borderlands of Sino-Lao and Sino-Vietnam in the Geo-polilinomical Context
Received date: 2021-11-17
Revised date: 2021-12-04
Online published: 2022-10-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130508)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001226)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971242)
国家间地缘政治经济关系正在驱动区域土地利用变化,边境地区首当其冲。20世纪90年代以来,全球橡胶市场的强劲需求以及中南半岛与域外国家40多个地缘经济合作机制的实施,引起了包括中国与老挝(以下称“中老”)-中国与越南(以下称“中越”)边境地区橡胶林扩展种植在内的显著土地利用变化。基于此,利用Landsat影像构建的橡胶林落叶-新叶萌生期内植被-水分指数(Renormalized Vegetation Index, RNVI)组合算法,获取中老-中越边境地区1990年代以来中老、中越地缘政治经济关键节点的橡胶林种植信息,进而揭示中老、中越地缘政治经济关系对其边境地区橡胶林扩展的影响及其国别差异。结果表明:① 在“替代种植”与边境农林合作等地缘政治经济影响下,中老-中越边境地区橡胶林种植面积由1992年的995.5 km2增加至2018年的5537.7 km2,增长近4.6倍,且呈明显的沿边性和跨境性;② 随着中老磨憨-磨丁口岸开通、中老北部九省合作机制构建等,1992—2018年,中老边境沿线30 km缓冲区内橡胶林种植面积从244.7 km2猛增到2080.6 km2,增长近7.5倍,其中,中国一侧增幅达806.7%,老挝一侧增幅为567.7%,近边境地区尤为明显;③ 随着中越关系恢复、“两廊一圈”启动与发展等,过去近30年,中越边境沿线30 km缓冲区内橡胶林种植面积由313.6 km2持续增加到1107.5 km2,增长超过2.5倍,其中,中国一侧增幅达378.0%,越南一侧增幅为140.3%,远边境地区增加较快。本研究有助于认识国家地缘政治经济关系对边境土地利用变化的影响,促进边境地理(学)发展。
关键词: 橡胶林; 植被-水分指数(RNVI); 时空特征; 中老-中越边境地区; 地缘政治经济关系
肖池伟 , 李鹏 , 封志明 . 地缘政治经济背景下中老-中越边境地区橡胶林时空扩展特征研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2022 , 24(8) : 1512 -1524 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2022.210733
Geo-Polilinomical (GPN) relations have become the driving factor of Land Use Changes (LUC) in the border areas between neighboring countries globally. Since the 1990s, over 40 bi- and multi-laterally GPN cooperative mechanisms were established between Mainland Southeast Asia (MSA) nations and their neighbors. National borderlands of MSA, as the forefront of GPN-cooperation, have experienced rapid and widespread LUC, including rubber boom in the borderlands of Sino-Lao and Sino-Vietnam. In this study, using Landsat TM/ETM+OLI data and phenological characteristics (i.e., defoliation and foliation stages for rubber plantations), a normalization algorithm namely the "Renormalized Vegetation Index (RVI)", based on the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) and Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) during the optimum time windows, was modified and applied to map the mature rubber plantations in the borderlands of Sino-Lao and Sino-Vietnam from 1992 to 2018. Based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of rubber plantations in the critical periods of GPN cooperation between Sino-Lao and Sino-Vietnam since the 1990s, the GPN impact on rubber expansion and its national differences were further revealed. The results show that: (1) Under the rubber-based substitution planting, border-prone development, and agroforestry cooperation, the expansion of rubber plantations showed an obvious increase along the border areas since the 1990s. The area of mature rubber plantations was 5537.7 km2 in 2018 derived from Landsat-based RVI. During 1992-2018, there was an increase of 4542.2 km2 or nearly 4.6 times in the borderlands of Sino-Lao and Sino-Vietnam; (2) Under the good GPN relations (e.g., construction of the Mohan-Boten Port and cooperation between nine Provinces in Lao PDR and China), rubber plantations expanded and crossed borders significantly in the 30-km buffer areas of Sino-Lao borders, increasing from 244.6 km2 in1990 to 2080.7 km2 in 2018 (a net increase of 1835.9 km2). Especially, the area of rubber plots was up to 1694.7 km2 in the Chinese side in 2018, with a net increase of 1507.8 km2 (more than seven fold). Meanwhile, the area of mature rubber plantations in the Laotian side increased sharply from 57.8 km2 to 385.9 km2, a nearly five-fold increase; (3) With the gradual improvement of the GPN relations between China and Vietnam since the normalization of Sino-Vietnamese relation and cooperation of "Two Corridors and One Ring", the rubber plantations showed a rapid expansion in the 30 km buffer areas of Sino-Vietnam borders, from 313.6 km2 in 1992 to 1107.5 km2 in 2018, an increase of about 2.5 times. There was an increase of 562.8 km2 from the Chinese side, from 148.9 km2 to 711.7 km2. While the area of mature rubber plantations in the Vietnamese side increased from 164.7 km2 to 395.8 km2 in the same period. Our study is helpful to understand the interaction between GPN cooperation and border LUC, promoting the development of border geography.
表1 中老边境沿线地区1992—2018年橡胶林种植面积及其变化Tab. 1 Area changes of rubber plantations in the 30-km border areas of China-Lao borders from 1992 to 2018 |
区域 | 面积/km2 | 增量/km2 | 增幅/% | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1992年 | 2004年 | 2018年 | 1992—2004年 | 2004—2018年 | 1992—2018年 | 1992—2004年 | 2004—2018年 | 1992—2018年 | |||
中国侧 | 186.9 | 315.4 | 1694.7 | 128.5 | 1379.3 | 1507.8 | 68.8 | 437.3 | 806.7 | ||
老挝侧 | 57.8 | 61.5 | 385.9 | 3.7 | 324.4 | 328.1 | 6.4 | 527.5 | 567.7 | ||
中老沿线 | 244.7 | 376.9 | 2080.6 | 132.2 | 1703.7 | 1835.9 | 54.1 | 452.1 | 750.3 |
表2 中越边境沿线地区1992—2018年橡胶林种植面积及其变化Tab. 2 Area changes of rubber plantations in the 30 km border areas of China-Vietnam borders from 1992 to 2018 |
区域 | 面积/km2 | 增量(km2)/增幅(%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1992年 | 1997年 | 2006年 | 2018年 | 1992—1997年 | 1997—2006年 | 2006—2018年 | 1992—2018年 | ||
中国侧 | 148.9 | 240.9 | 577.0 | 711.7 | 92.0/61.8 | 336.1/39.5 | 134.7/23.3 | 562.8/378.0 | |
越南侧 | 164.7 | 215.1 | 300.3 | 395.8 | 50.4/30.6 | 85.2/39.6 | 95.5/31.8 | 231.1/140.3 | |
中越沿线 | 313.6 | 456.0 | 877.3 | 1107.5 | 142.4/45.4 | 421.3/92.4 | 230.2/26.3 | 793.9/253.2 |
图6 中越边境沿线地区橡胶林空间分布注:该图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2016)2948号的标准地图制作,底图无修改。 Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of rubber plantations in the 30 km border areas of China-Vietnam borders |
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