暖湿化下西北地区水体变化趋势遥感监测
范兰馨(1998— ),女,河北石家庄人,硕士,主要从事水环境遥感的研究。E-mail: fanlanxin20@mails.ucas.ac.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-04-07
修回日期: 2023-04-27
网络出版日期: 2023-09-05
基金资助
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究资助(2019QZKK0202)
Detecting Spatiotemporal Changes of Freshwater in Northwest China under a Warm-Wetting Climate using Remote Sensing
Received date: 2023-04-07
Revised date: 2023-04-27
Online published: 2023-09-05
Supported by
Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP)(2019QZKK0202)
水体是支撑西北地区生态环境健康与社会经济持续发展重要的地表环境要素。在气候变化与人类活动的综合影响下,西北地区水体的时空分布发生着显著的变化,并反过来影响着区域内社会经济的发展和生态环境的保护与建设。为深入认识气候变化背景下西北地区水体的时空变化规律,本文基于高分辨率全球地表水数据集(JRC Monthly History v1.3),分析了2000—2020年西北地区水体面积及其空间分布的变化规律。从年内变化看,西北地区水体面积在6月和9月有较显著的扩张,而10月起随着区内水分来源的减少水体面积开始缩减。从年际变化看,自2000—2020年,西北地区水体面积从3.48×104 km2增加到4.82×104 km2,年变化率达到682.64 km2/a。其中,塔里木河沿线区域及青海省西部水体面积扩张较为显著。塔里木河、和田河、台吉乃尔湖、达布逊湖和青海湖等常年水体周围,水体面积持续增加。本文同时利用高分辨率气候再分析数据(CMFD)分析了西北地区气候变化对水体面积及其分布的影响。研究结果表明,区内西北部较为干旱的区域(年降水量小于400 mm)暖湿化趋势明显,降水相对充足的东南部则主要呈现温暖化或暖干化趋势。西北地区水体扩张主要发生在暖湿化或湿润化地区。水体面积与气候变化的联合概率分析表明,气温、降水与水体面积之间呈正相关关系。特别是塔里木河流域、新疆北部以及青海省内水体面积扩张的区域与气温的升高和降水的增加关系密切,相关系数均大于0.4,表明暖湿化对西北地区水体面积变化有显著影响。西北地区水体面积的变化一定程度上加强了水体之间的连通性,有利于区域生态环境建设与保护。
范兰馨 , 吴艳红 , 迟皓婧 , 郑思齐 , 闫家恒 , 任永康 , 孙忠华 . 暖湿化下西北地区水体变化趋势遥感监测[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2023 , 25(9) : 1842 -1854 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2023.230185
Freshwater is an essential landscape element in sustaining environment and socio-economic system in the Northwest China. Under the compounding impacts of climate change and human activities, the temporospatial patterns of freshwater in Northwest China (NWC) is undergoing substantial changes, which in turn is affecting socio-economic development and environment conservation in the region. This paper investigates the spatial and temporal patterns of freshwater in Northwest China in response to a changing climate based on a high-resolution global surface water dataset (JRC Monthly History v1.3) for the period 2000 to 2020. Seasonally, freshwater area within NWC is found increased rapidly from June to September, then dropped gradually from October with the reduction of available water. Interannually, the area of freshwater in NWC increased from 3.48×104 km2 to 4.82×104 km2 at a rate of 682.64 km2/a during 2000 to 2020. Spatially, the freshwater area expanded substantially along the Tarim River and in the western Qinghai Province. The expanding freshwater mainly occurs around perennial rivers or lakes such as the Tarim River, the Hotan River, Lake Taijinar, Lake Dabson and Qinghai Lake. Changes in freshwater area is found considerably affected by the changing climate in NWC. Based on the high-resolution climate reanalysis dataset (CMFD), it is found that the arid or semi-arid zone in the western NWC was experiencing a warm-wetting trend in climate, resulting notable expansion of freshwater. The increasing rate of freshwater area is the highest in the warm-wetting regions (with approximately 466.14 km2/a) followed by wetting regions. Joint distribution analysis of freshwater area and dominant climate factors shows freshwater area correlated positively to temperature and precipitation. The expansion of freshwater in Tarim River basin, northern Xinjiang and Qinghai province is more closely related to the increase in temperature and precipitation, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.4. The changes of freshwater area in NWC have contributed to strengthening the hydrological connectivity within the region, which could be conducive to regional environment conservation and socio-economic development.
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