地图视觉变量语法结构的神经机理分析
乔莉鸽(1994— ),女,河南商丘人,博士生,主要从事地图认知、地图可视化、空间分析等研究。E-mail: 201301020@njnu.edu.cn |
Copy editor: 蒋树芳
收稿日期: 2023-10-03
修回日期: 2023-11-17
网络出版日期: 2024-03-26
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42371443)
国家自然科学基金项目(41971417)
国家自然科学基金项目(41930104)
Neural Mechanism Analysis of Cartographic Visual Variables Syntactic Construction
Received date: 2023-10-03
Revised date: 2023-11-17
Online published: 2024-03-26
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42371443)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971417)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930104)
视觉变量语法结构是指导视觉变量与表征的数据特征相匹配的规则。当前,构建地图符号的视觉变量语法研究主要基于制图者的经验和直觉,旨在有效地传输地图表达的信息,视觉机理解释不足,还存在视觉变量语法结构分类的类型不一致、个数不统一、结论存在争议等问题,影响视觉变量与数据特征的匹配,给地图信息的理解带来困难。如今,随着视觉神经科学的发展,人类视觉系统的信息处理流程逐渐明确,为从神经学视角解读视觉变量语法结构提供了理论基础。本文首先以典型绘画和地图为例,总结人类眼-脑视觉信息处理特征及流程;然后分析Bertin和MacEachren的视觉变量语法结构的神经机理;最后从视觉通路和视觉区域功能特征的角度给出视觉变量语法结构分类的类型、个数和结论。研究成果可为视觉变量语法结构提供新的认知视角,为指导视觉变量的使用提供认知基础,突破地图视觉变量语法结构研究依赖经验总结的局限性,还能为现代地图学中新的视觉变量语法结构的神经机理分析提供有益的参考。
乔莉鸽 , 吴明光 , 闾国年 . 地图视觉变量语法结构的神经机理分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2024 , 26(1) : 121 -134 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2024.230593
The syntactic structure of visual variables refers to a set of rules that guide the matching of visual variables with the types of characteristics represented in data. In current cartographic research, the development of syntactic structures for constructing map symbols is deeply rooted in the experiential knowledge and intuition of cartographers, aiming to effectively convey information expressed in maps. However, there are notable shortcomings in the interpretation of visual neural mechanisms, such as inconsistent classification, inconsistent quantities, and controversial conclusions in the syntactic structure of visual variables. These challenges have far-reaching implications for the alignment of visual variables with data characteristics, often resulting in map representations that may fall short in terms of design efficacy. The ensuing complexity hinders better understanding of map information by users. Against this backdrop, the burgeoning field of visual neuroscience emerges as a transformative force, progressively unraveling the intricate information processing and features of the human visual system. This advancement provides a robust theoretical underpinning, offering a neurologically informed perspective in interpretating visual variable syntactic structures. To achieve a comprehensive understanding, this paper gives a summary of human eye-brain visual information processing. Taking cues from typical paintings and maps, the multifaceted features and processes inherent in complex cognitive activities are discussed. Subsequently, the paper delves into the neural mechanism of the classic syntactic structures of visual variables proposed by Bertin and MacEachren, unraveling the intricacies of how the human brain processes visual information to derive meaningful representations. A critical facet of this neural mechanism analysis involves the classification of visual variable syntactic structures, an undertaking approached from the vantage point of the functional characteristics of visual pathways and visual areas within the eye-brain. This nuanced analysis contributes to a refined understanding of their neural foundations, encompassing types, quantities, and conclusions associated with visual variable syntactic structures. The research outcomes not only present a novel cognitive perspective to the syntactic structure of visual variables but also establish a cognitive foundation for the judicious utilization of these visual variables in map design. This approach transcends the constraints imposed by reliance on empirical summaries in the study of map visual variable syntactic structures. In addition, it yields beneficial insights for the neural mechanism analysis of new visual variables and their syntactic construction in the context of modern cartography.
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