融合建筑物所有权及其附属权利的LADM-BIM数据模型研究
刘承承(1994—),女,黑龙江望奎人,博士生,主要从事三维地籍、三维模型研究。Email: lcc_1218@whu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-08-21
修回日期: 2023-11-02
网络出版日期: 2024-05-21
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41871298)
Integrated LADM-BIM Data Model for Building Ownership and Its Subsidiary Rights
Received date: 2023-08-21
Revised date: 2023-11-02
Online published: 2024-05-21
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871298)
在居民物权意识不断增强的背景下,城市中涉及建筑物所有权、地役权和采光权的法律纠纷案例数量不断增加,对城市和谐社区的构建带来了不利影响,同时也消耗了大量社会资源。然而,现有研究一方面过多地侧重于这些权利的法律描述,另一方面则局限于仅利用三维技术构建所有权空间模型,缺乏对建筑物所具有的复杂所有权的空间结构及其附属权利(地役权和采光权)的深入的研究。本文深入分析了法律背景下建筑物所有权、地役权和采光权的三维建模的数据需求,通过扩展工业基础类(IFC),将土地管理领域模型(LADM)中的权利人包、空间单元包、权限管理包和测量与空间表达包映射到IFC标准中,实现了LADM和建筑物信息模型(BIM)的无缝集成,构建了一个三维数据模型。该模型考虑了建筑物所有权空间的复杂结构及其计算规则,对于地役权则特别考虑了水平和垂直方向上的三维实例化,采光权则考虑了相邻采光权和采光地役权及其参数的计算。LADM和BIM的整合使所提出的模型能够清晰呈现物理对象的空间特征,同时反映了建筑物的权利、限制和责任(RRR)的法律信息。为了验证模型的可行性和实用性,选取了真实的法律纠纷案例进行解析实验。结果表明,本文构建的模型可以区分所有权内部空间及其复杂结构,并能对地役权和采光权进行三维表达,同时包含了权属信息,为对法律空间的认知提供了更为明晰的理解,从而为解决相关纠纷提供可靠和坚实的技术方案。
刘承承 , 朱海红 , 李霖 . 融合建筑物所有权及其附属权利的LADM-BIM数据模型研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2024 , 26(5) : 1229 -1242 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2024.230487
With the increasing awareness of property rights among residents, the number of legal disputes concerning the differentiation of ownership, easements, and right to light in urban buildings has been steadily rising. This trend has adverse effects on the establishment of harmonious urban communities and entails a substantial expenditure of social resources. However, current research predominantly focuses on legal descriptions of these rights, and falls within a limited scope that solely employs three-dimensional technology to construct ownership spatial models. There exists a dearth of in-depth exploration into the spatial structures of the complex ownerships and their associated rights (easements and right to light) pertaining to buildings. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the data requirements for three-dimensional modeling of building ownership, easements, and right to light within the legal context. Through the extension of the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), an integration of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) and the Building Information Modeling (BIM) is achieved, resulting in a three-dimensional data model. This model adheres to the extension logic within the IFC standard. It is based on the concepts of property sets and user-defined properties in the IFC standard, and maps the Party Package, Spatial Unit Package, Administrative Package, and Surveying and Representation Package from the LADM to the IFC standard. This model takes into account the intricate spatial structure of building ownership and its computational rules. For easement rights, special consideration is given to three-dimensional instantiation in both horizontal and vertical directions. As for light to right, calculations encompass adjacent daylighting rights, daylighting easements, and their respective parameters. The amalgamation of LADM and BIM empowers the proposed model to vividly present the spatial characteristics of physical objects and concurrently reflecting the legal information of Rights, Restrictions, and Responsibilities (RRR) of the buildings. To validate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed model, three actual legal dispute cases were selected for analytical experiments. These cases encompassed: the visualization and analysis of property ownership within the three-dimensional data model, quantification of the impact of easements on the spatial utilization of property ownership, and the evaluation of the effect of right to light on residential units within a building. The results affirm that the constructed model proficiently distinguishes the internal spatial aspects of ownership, encompassing complex structures, and effectively expresses easements and right to light in three dimensions. Moreover, it encompasses sufficient ownership information, providing a clearer understanding of the legal space and furnishing a reliable and robust technical solution for resolving relevant disputes.
Key words: building ownership; easements; light to right; 3D data model; data requirements; LADM; BIM/IFC; legal disputes
[1] |
应申, 郭仁忠, 李霖. 应用3DGIS实现三维地籍:实践与挑战[J]. 测绘地理信息, 2018, 43(2):1-6.
[
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
李高伟. 《民法典》视野下建筑物区分所有权中共有权的再思考[J]. 法制与经济, 2021, 30(8):84-88.
[
|
[4] |
应申, 陈乃镔, 李威阳, 等. 三维房产群集对象可视化方法[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2020, 45(1):81-88.
[
|
[5] |
丁远, 孙在宏, 吴长彬, 等. 基于LADM的三维地籍管理模型构建及应用[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2013, 15(1):106-114.
[
|
[6] |
梁珍. 我国地役权制度的研究[D]. 保定: 河北大学, 2015.
[
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
王利明. 论业主的建筑物区分所有权的概念[J]. 当代法学, 2006, 20(5):37-46.
[
|
[9] |
邵晋栋. 采光权妨害案件相关法律问题研究[J]. 河北法学, 2008, 26(1):186-191.
[
|
[10] |
耿瑞. 地役权的新发展—不动产役权研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2018.
[
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
周良辰, 王鹏翔, 陈奔, 等. 房地一体化不动产三维数据模型研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(1):143-154.
[
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
ISO/TC 211 Geographic information/Geomatics ISO 19152:2012. Geographic information- Land Administration Domain Model (LADM)[S]. 2012.
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
ISO/TC 59/SC 13 Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM). ISO 16739-1:2018. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for data sharing in the construction and facility management industries — Part 1: Data schema[S]. 2018.
|
[23] |
朱庆, 胡明远. 基于语义的多细节层次3维房产模型[J]. 测绘学报, 2008, 37(4):514-520.
[
|
[24] |
中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会. 中华人民共和国民法典[M]. 北京: 人民出版社, 2020.
[National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China. Civil Code of the People's Republic of China[M]. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 2020.]
|
[25] |
|
[26] |
|
[27] |
|
[28] |
中华人民共和国建设部. GB 50180—93城市居住区规划设计规范(2002年版)[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2002.
Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China. GB 50180-93 Urban residential area planning and design code (2002 edition)[M]. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 2002.]
|
[29] |
中华人民共和国建设部. GB 50033—2013建筑采光设计标准[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2013.
[Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China. GB 50033-2013 architectural lighting design standard[M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2013.]
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |