面向视觉感知计算的古典园林景观3D数据模型设计——以苏州拙政园为例
张江玥(1998— ),女,甘肃天水人,博士生,主要从事视觉感知与地图可视化研究。E-mail: jiangyue_zhang@whu.edu.cn |
Copy editor: 黄光玉 , 蒋树芳
收稿日期: 2024-09-10
修回日期: 2024-12-26
网络出版日期: 2025-01-24
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(4247011627)
中国工程科技发展战略湖北研究院咨询重点项目(HB2024B12)
湖北省青年拔尖人才计划项目(212100006)
武汉大学人才启动基金项目(413100138)
A Novel 3D Data Model for Chinese Classical Gardens Tailored to Visual Perception Computing: A Case Study of the Humble Administrator's Garden, China
Received date: 2024-09-10
Revised date: 2024-12-26
Online published: 2025-01-24
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(4247011627)
The Academy-Local Cooperation Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(HB2024B12)
The Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province(212100006)
The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(413100138)
【目的】 作为世界文化遗产和城市游憩空间的重要组成部分,中国古典园林文化生态系统服务的发挥主要依赖于游客与景观的视觉感知与交互。然而,如何为古典园林景观视觉感知模拟建立相应的3D数据模型仍存在以下方法挑战:如何构建视觉感知框架以表征中国古典园林所特有的“景”概念?如何以游客视觉感知为切入点剖析其游园观景行为?以何种形式组织古典园林景观3D数据模型,从而实现视觉感知的全流程模拟计算,并提升计算效果和效率?【方法】 针对这些挑战,本文从游客视觉感知过程的“客体-路径-主体-结果”4个环节出发,以“叙事符号系统-叙事策略”的空间叙事为切入点,将古典园林景观构成剖析为“环境空间-视觉感知空间-视知觉空间”,提出了古典园林景观的视觉感知框架,并基于相关领域本体模型 语义复用,将模型梳理为“地物层-行为层-分析层”3个层次,扩展并设计了面向视觉感知计算的古典园林景观3D数据模型。【结果】 以苏州拙政园为例,从地物数据处理、行为数据配置、存储环境搭建,再到分析数据计算,阐述了古典园林景观3D数据模型实施应用的方法流程,以期为中国古典园林乃至其他文化遗产三维空间视觉感知研究提供理论与方法参考。
张江玥 , 苏世亮 . 面向视觉感知计算的古典园林景观3D数据模型设计——以苏州拙政园为例[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2025 , 27(2) : 441 -460 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2025.240513
[Background] Chinese Classical Gardens (CCGs), as integral components of world cultural heritage and essential urban recreational spaces, hold profound cultural, historical, and aesthetic value. Renowned for their intricate design, these gardens provide cultural ecosystem services through dynamic interactions between tourists and landscapes. Visual perception plays a pivotal role in these interactions, directly influencing how visitors engage with and interpret the "scenery"—a concept central to CCGs. With rapid advancements in 3D real scene reconstruction and digital simulation technologies, a pressing challenge has emerged: developing a 3D data model for CCGs tailored to visual perception computing. Traditional models fail to capture the complex interplay between spatial elements and human perceptual responses. [Objectives] This study aims to address this challenge by tackling three core methodological issues: (1) constructing a visual perception framework to represent the unique "scenery" concept inherent to CCGs; (2) analyzing tourist behavior through the lens of visual perception processes; and (3) organizing a 3D data model that supports robust analysis and visualization. [Methods] To systematically address these challenges, the study elaborates on a visual perception framework for CCGs, integrating four critical stages of visitors' visual experiences: object (what is seen), path (how one navigates), subject (who perceives), and outcome (the resulting impressions and emotions). This framework incorporates spatial narratives, consisting of a narrative symbol system and strategies, and landscape space composition, distinguishing among environmental space, visual perception space, and visual cognition space. Building on this framework, a novel 3D data model tailored to visual perception computing in CCGs is proposed. The model is structured into three interrelated layers: the physical features layer (capturing spatial and structural details), the behavior patterns layer (analyzing tourists' movements and gaze behaviors), and the analytical layers (integrating visual perception metrics). [Results] The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study of the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou. The implementation process involves acquiring physical data, configuring behavioral data, setting up the storage environment, and computing visual perception. This multi-layered approach provides a theoretical framework for understanding visual perception in CCGs and establishes a methodological pathway for applying 3D technologies to cultural heritage research. [Conclusions] The proposed 3D data model offers a deeper understanding of visual perception within CCGs, facilitating new insights into spatial design and visitor experiences. Furthermore, the methods outlined in this paper have broader implications for studying and preserving other cultural heritage sites, advancing the integration of digital technology in heritage conservation and cultural landscape analysis.
表1 文学叙事与古典园林景观空间叙事对比Tab. 1 Comparison between literary narratives and spatial narratives of CCGs |
文学叙事 | 空间叙事 | |
---|---|---|
叙述者 | 作者 | 造园者 |
叙事媒介 | 语言文字 | 造园要素(叠山理水、建筑花木等) |
叙事内容 | 事件、故事 | 精神意趣 |
叙述对象 | 读者 | 游园者 |
叙事策略 | 结构编排与修辞 | 造园手法 |
解码路径 | 基于阅读构建意象 | 以视觉为主,多感官调动体会意境 |
表2 概念层级及其命名空间扩展Tab. 2 Concept hierarchy and namespace extension |
一级类 | 命名空间 | 二级类 | 命名空间 | 三级类 | 命名空间 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
地物 要素 | G1 Garden Feature | 山石 | G2 Rockery | 假山 | G3 Hill |
叠石 | G4 Stone | ||||
理水 | G5 Waterbody | - | - | ||
建筑 | G6 Construction | 门 | G7 Door | ||
窗 | G8 Window | ||||
桥 | G9 Bridge | ||||
柱 | G10 Column | ||||
屋顶 | G11 Roof | ||||
室内家具 | G12 Furniture | ||||
矮墙/护栏 | G13 Parapet | ||||
其他构筑物 | G14 other Construction | ||||
花木 | G15 Vegetation | 乔木 | G16 Tree | ||
灌木 | G17 Shrub | ||||
草地 | G18 Lawn | ||||
铺地 | G19 Pavement | - | - | ||
景框 | G20 Scene Frame | - | - | ||
行为 现象 | G21 Behavioral Phenomenon | 观景行为 | G22 Viewing Behavior | 静观行为 | G23 Static Viewing Behavior |
观景视点 | G26 Viewing Point | ||||
游园行为 | G25 Tour Behavior | 游观行为 | G24 Dynamic Viewing Behavior | ||
游园路线 | G27 Tour Line | ||||
分析 结果 | G28 Analysis Result | 结构分析结果 | G29 Structural Analysis Result | - | - |
视点分析结果 | G30 Viewpoint Analysis Result | 点类结果 | G31 Point Data | ||
格网类结果 | G32 Grid Data |
注:命名空间前缀均为“g3am:”。 |
表3 建筑类型地物要素非空间属性Tab. 3 Garden features of building type |
字段名 | 类型 | 描述 | 是否可为空 | 键说明 |
---|---|---|---|---|
id | INTEGER | 自增加主键 | 否 | 主键 |
geometry | GEOMETRY | 存储几何数据类型 | 否 | |
type | STRING | 要素类型,从ElementType中选择,建筑类type=’construction’ | 否 | |
name | STRING | 要素所属建筑名称 | 否 | |
memberType | STRING | 建筑构件类型,从枚举类ComponentType中选择 | 否 | |
updateTime | DATETIME | 要素更新日期与时间 | 否 | |
unitId | INTEGER | 所属最低等级空间单元编号 | 是 | 外键 |
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