【意义】影像匹配是完成多景影像空间位置对齐的方法和过程，而自动化影像匹配是现代摄影测量与遥感数据处理中关键的一环。【进展】随着对地观测技术的发展和多源遥感数据获取能力的提高，综合协同处理多源数据的能力需求推动多模态遥感影像的匹配技术研究不断深入，近年来基于深度学习的思想深刻影响了影像匹配领域技术的发展。本文在介绍传统遥感影像匹配框架的基础上，分析了多模态遥感影像的类型、特点与匹配难点，重点论述了针对多模态遥感影像不同深度学习方法研究的新进展，并分析了其优缺点，归纳总结了目前适应多模态遥感影像匹配任务的数据集，对深度学习方法在多模态遥感影像匹配中的发展成果和当前挑战进行了总结。成果方面，该领域算法在高效、鲁棒和精度上显著提升，多模态融合策略和多种创新框架与模型推动了研究发展并反映了该领域从模块化适配到整体建模的转变，揭示了数据驱动的表征学习与几何推理的更深度融合。但当前研究仍存在显著瓶颈，多模态差异方面，异构性严重制约匹配效能，模型泛化能力不足；数据与计算层面，高质量标注数据稀缺、计算资源需求大；工程部署层面，算法实战能力欠缺，误匹配剔除困难，模型在混合模态数据处理中泛化性差。【展望】最后对多模态遥感影像深度学习匹配方法领域的发展趋势与未来展望进行了深入探讨，包括模态无关的设计、物理信息约束的网络架构以及适应复杂环境的轻量化方案等。

[Significance] Multimodal remote sensing image matching has become a fundamental task in integrated Earth observation, enabling precise spatial alignment across heterogeneous image sources. [Progress] As the diversity of sensing modalities, acquisition geometries, and temporal conditions increases, traditional matching frameworks have proven inadequate for capturing complex variations in radiometric responses, geometric configurations, and semantic representations. This technological gap has driven a significant paradigm shift from handcrafted feature engineering to deep learning-based solutions, which now form the core of current research and application development. This paper provides a comprehensive and structured review of recent advances in deep learning methods for multimodal remote sensing image matching, with an emphasis on the evolution of methodological paradigms and technical frameworks. It establishes a clear dual-path classification: the single-session approach and the end-to-end approach. The former selectively replaces or enhances individual components of traditional pipelines, such as feature encoding or similarity estimation, using neural network modules. The latter integrates the entire matching process into a unified network architecture, enabling joint optimization of feature learning, transformation modeling, and correspondence inference within a closed loop. This progression reflects the field's transition from modular adaptation to holistic modeling, revealing a deeper integration of data-driven representation learning with geometric reasoning. The review further examines the development of architectural strategies supporting this evolution, including attention mechanisms, graph-based structures, hierarchical feature fusion, and modality-bridging transformations. These innovations contribute to improved robustness, semantic consistency, and adaptability across diverse matching scenarios. Recent trends also demonstrate a growing reliance on pretrained vision foundation models, which provide transferable feature spaces and reduce the dependence on large-scale labeled datasets. In addition to summarizing technical advancements, the paper analyzes representative datasets, performance evaluation strategies, and the current challenges that constrain real-world deployment. These include limited data availability, weak cross-scene generalization, computational inefficiency, and insufficient interpretability. [Prospect] By synthesizing methodological progress with practical demands, the review identifies key directions for future research, including the design of modality-invariant representations, physically-informed neural architectures, and lightweight solutions tailored for scalable, real-time image registration in complex operational environments.

利益冲突：Conflicts of Interest 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors disclose no relevant conflicts of interest.