宁夏全区及生态保护红线生态系统服务价值变化评估

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2023.220503

Abstract

Abstract:

Ningxia is one of the first provinces in China that has finished the delineation of Ecological Conservation Red Line (ECRL). Nearly one fourth of Ningxia has been included in ECRL, significantly contributing to maintain the ecological security of the northern region. However, there is a lack of relevant research on the evaluation of the contribution of the ecological barrier and the protection effect of the eco-redline in Ningxia. In this paper, based on the equivalent value of Ningxia ecosystem service base and land use data at a 2-m resolution, we objectively evaluated the Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) in 2020 and its changes between 2018-2020, and analyzed the effect of the ECRL delineation. Consequently, a critical direction for ecological protection goals is emphasized for this autonomous region. Our findings include: (1) In 2020, the total natural ecological assets stock in Ningxia was 3.32 million hectares, which mainly consists of forest, grasslands, and wetlands, providing a ESV of around 88.90 billion yuan for the region. During the period of 2018—2020, there was an increase of ESV (106 million yuan); (2) The ECRL area ( one fourth of the regional area) contributed more than one third of the ESV in the entire region, and 63% of the increase in ESV during the evaluation period was attributed to the ECRL area; (3) Meadows provided 52% of ESV in the entire region, with only 31% located in ECRL area. During 2018—2020, meadow ecosystems also faced problems such as stock reduction, desertification, and degradation. Increasing the meadows ecosystem stock and quality is the key factor for the incremental value of ecosystem services; (4) It is suggested to follow the internal mechanism of ecosystem structure and process, center on the regional dominant ecological function and the characteristics of the ecosystem structure, systematically carry out ecological protection and restoration based on local conditions.

Key words: ecosystem service value, Ecological Conservation Red Line (ECRL), value equivalent factor, ecosystem classification, Ningxia

SHI Xuewei, CHEN Xuhui, CAI Mingyong, ZHANG Xinsheng, SHEN Zhen, TAI Wenfei, SHEN Wenming, LI Jing, XIAO Tong. Evaluation of Changes in Ecosystem Services in Ecological Conservation Red Line and the Entire Area of Ningxia[J].Journal of Geo-information Science, 2023, 25(5): 999-1011.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2023.220503

Figures/Tables 9

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生态系统服务	森林	草地	湿地
水源涵养	3.76	1.82	0.46
土壤保持	1.31	1.96	0.57
固碳释氧	4.21	3.37	5.20
洪水调蓄	1.36	0.00	18.48
生物多样性维护	1.01	0.70	2.75
净化空气	3.26	0.02	16.00
净化水质	0.08	0.03	0.35

数据名称	数据来源	分辨率	描述
土地利用数据	中国环境监测总站	2 m	2018年、2020年2期数据，分类体系采用国遥感监测土地利用/覆盖分类体系
农产品价格及净利润	全国农产品成本收益资料汇编2019》^[32]	—	用于计算宁夏1个标准当量因子的价值
净初级生产力（NPP）	美国地质勘探局（United States Geological Survey）	500 m	用于计算宁夏生物多样性维持价值基础当量
宁夏生态保护红线边界	《宁夏生态保护红线划定方案》^[19]	—	用于计算宁夏生态保护红内生态资产及生态系统服务价值
宁夏经济、人口等数据	《2020年宁夏统计年鉴》^[29]	—	用于分析人口、经济变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

核算项目		森林		草地			湿地
核算项目		有林地、灌木林、疏林地	其他林地	高覆盖度草地	中覆盖度草地	低覆盖度草地	湿地
期初生态资产存量		524 092	69 067	1 196 865	922 442	393 619	218 286
存量增加	退耕还林	103	2644	-	-	-	-
	其他林地增加	2646	2855	-	-	-	-
	退耕还草	-	-	2424	743	671	-
	其他草地增加	-	-	3172	1872	3187	-
	湿地增加	-	-	-	-	-	5280
	…	-	-	-	-	-	-
存量减少	农田开垦	202	3491	2518	1114	1641	1068
	城镇建设	300	387	1687	1180	1575	311
	其他林地增加	-	-	2243	1067	405	-
	其他草地增加	892	365	-	-	-	1012
	湿地增加	106	230	292	306	690	-
	生态退化	297	276	1976	1527	1319	928
	…	-	-	-	-	-	-
期末生态资产存量		525 163	69 698	1 194 979	918 433	392 042	220 092
生态资产变化量		1071	631	-1885	-4009	-1576	1806

服务功能	红线内价值				总价值
服务功能	森林	草地	湿地	小计	森林	草地	湿地	小计
水源涵养	28.76	32.33	0.82	61.91	51.84	105.59	2.36	159.80
土壤保持	10.02	34.90	1.01	45.94	18.07	113.97	2.93	134.97
固碳释氧	32.19	59.92	9.17	101.28	58.04	195.68	26.55	280.27
洪水调蓄	10.43	0.00	32.58	43.02	18.81	0.00	94.34	113.15
生物多样性维护	7.76	12.37	4.85	24.99	13.99	40.39	14.05	68.44
净化空气	24.93	0.34	28.21	53.49	44.95	1.11	81.69	127.76
净化水质	0.59	0.48	0.61	1.67	1.06	1.55	1.76	4.38
总计	114.69	140.34	77.26	332.28	206.77	458.30	223.70	888.77

Evaluation of Changes in Ecosystem Services in Ecological Conservation Red Line and the Entire Area of Ningxia

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