Journal of Geo-information Science >
Spatial and Temporal Changes of Ecosystem Services Values in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1980s to 2005
Received date: 2013-11-18
Request revised date: 2014-01-21
Online published: 2014-07-10
Copyright
In the past few decades, a series of ecological restoration and protection projects had been implemented in the Inner Mongolia region. However, which extent these projects met the satisfaction?In this paper, from the perspective of land use/land cover data and DPSIR conceptual framework, we systematically describe spatial and temporal changes of ecosystem services values and analyze driving factors of these changes from both the regional and the prefecture-level scale, adopting the parameters of the stock value, intensity of the stock value and the incremental value. The results show that:(1) Since 2000, the whole region's stock value had increased by only 0.24%, but the decreasing rate of the cumulative positive and negative incremental values had promoted by 32.9%. There are more changes occurred in the eastern area than in the western area; (2) Since 2000, after the "Grain for Green" policy was carried out, the stock values of ecosystem services in the plain cultivation areas and forests conservation areas had increased by 4.52% and 4.23% respectively, yet the incremental values had increased by 0.59 billion and 0.89 billion respectively. All the changes was constrained by climate change, population growth and a series of political and economic macro-policies; (3) Since 2000, the stock value had increased by 3.51%, while the incremental value still decreased by 0.42 billion in the highland steppe areas, which was constrained by the precipitation fluctuations and population growth factors; (4) Since 2000, the positive influences of human activities in central and eastern areas gradually increased from 45.8% to 76%; however, under the traditional way of economic development, the ecological protection in the midwest areas still faced great difficulties and pressures. The result of our study provides a scientific reference for dividing eco-zone and constructing eco-restoration, and it could be further utilized in establishing a suitable ecological compensation mechanism.
CHEN Haiyan , SHAO Quanqin , AN Ru . Spatial and Temporal Changes of Ecosystem Services Values in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1980s to 2005[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2014 , 16(4) : 582 -591 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2014.00582
Tab.1 Lookup table of land use/cover types in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region表1 内蒙古地区土地利用/覆被类型对照表 |
本研究的代码及类型 | 源数据中的代码及类型 | 本研究的代码及类型 | 源数据中的代码及类型 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 耕地 | 11水田、12旱地 | 33 | 低覆盖草地 | 33低覆盖草地 |
20 | 林地 | 21有林地、23疏 林地、24其他林地 | 40 | 水体与沼泽 | 41河渠、42湖泊、43水库坑塘、46滩地、 64沼泽地 |
22 | 灌丛 | 22灌木林 | 50 | 建设用地 | 51城镇用地、52农村居民点、53其他建设用地 |
31 | 高覆盖草地 | 31高覆盖度草地 | 60 | 沙地、戈壁与裸地 | 61沙地、62戈壁、63盐碱地、65裸土地、 66裸岩石砾地 |
32 | 中覆盖草地 | 32中覆盖度草地 | 67 | 荒漠 | 67其他未利用土地,包括高寒荒漠、苔原等 |
Tab.2 Various ecosystem service values per unit area in different types of terrestrial ecosystems in 2000表2 2000年不同类型陆地生态系统单位面积各项生态服务价值表(元/hm2) |
生态系统 类型 | 间接价值 | 直接价值 | 单位面积 总价值量 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
气体调节 | 大气调节 | 水分调节 | 水土保持 | 生物控制 | 土壤形成 | 废物循环 | 食物供应 | 原材料 | 文化娱乐 | |||
水体与沼泽 | — | 407.0 | 18033.2 | — | 2203.3 | 8.8 | 16086.6 | 88.5 | 8.8 | 3840.2 | 40676.4 | |
林地 | 1501.0 | 1256.7 | 1396.3 | 628.7 | 1518.5 | 2042.0 | 914.6 | 139.6 | 925.0 | 460.8 | 10783.2 | |
高覆盖草地 | 884.6 | 995.2 | 884.6 | 128.6 | 1205.2 | 2156.2 | 1448.5 | 331.8 | 55.2 | 44.2 | 8134.2 | |
灌丛 | 747.6 | 625.9 | 695.5 | 313.1 | 756.3 | 1017.1 | 455.5 | 69.6 | 460.7 | 229.5 | 5370.9 | |
耕地 | 442.4 | 787.5 | 530.9 | — | 628.2 | 1291.9 | 1451.2 | 884.9 | 88.5 | 8.8 | 6114.3 | |
中覆盖草地 | 442.3 | 497.6 | 442.3 | 64.3 | 602.6 | 1078.1 | 724.3 | 165.9 | 27.6 | 22.1 | 4067.1 | |
低覆盖草地 | 147.4 | 165.9 | 147.4 | 21.4 | 200.9 | 359.4 | 241.4 | 55.3 | 9.2 | 7.4 | 1355.7 | |
荒漠 | 4.0 | 149.1 | — | 74.3 | 47.3 | — | — | 166.2 | — | 6.5 | 447.3 | |
沙地戈壁等 | — | — | 26.5 | — | 300.8 | 17.7 | 8.8 | 8.8 | — | 8.8 | 371.4 | |
建设用地 | — | — | -6678.0 | 3480.0 | — | — | -2174.1 | — | — | — | -5372.1 |
Fig.1 5 year’s average rate of changes of the normalized NDVI value from 1989 to 2005图1 1989-2005年归一化NDVI指数值5年平均变化率 |
Tab.3 China's CPI index table from 1990 to 2005表3 1990-2005年间中国CPI指数表 |
年份 | CPI指数值 | 通胀率(%) | 年份 | CPI指数值 | 通胀率(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 3.1 | 0 | 1998 | -0.8 | -1.26 |
1991 | 3.4 | 0.1 | 1999 | -1.4 | -1.45 |
1992 | 6.4 | 1.06 | 2000 | 0.4 | -0.87 |
1993 | 14.7 | 3.74 | 2001 | 0.7 | -0.77 |
1994 | 24.1 | 6.77 | 2002 | -0.8 | -1.26 |
1995 | 17.1 | 4.52 | 2003 | 1.2 | -0.61 |
1996 | 8.3 | 1.68 | 2004 | 3.9 | 0.26 |
1997 | 2.8 | -0.1 | 2005 | 1.8 | -0.42 |
Fig.2 Positive and negative values of the different types of terrestrial ecosystems图2 全区代表年份/时期不同陆地生态系统类型服务功能正负价值状况图 |
Fig.3 Values of different ecosystem service function types图3 全区代表年份/时期不同服务功能类型价值状况图 |
Tab.4 Incremental values of the different types of terrestrial ecosystems表4 全区代表各时期不同生态系统类型的价值增量 |
生态系统 类型 | 水体 与沼泽 | 林地 | 高覆盖 草地 | 灌丛 | 耕地 | 中覆盖 草地 | 低覆盖 草地 | 沙地戈壁 和裸地 | 建设 用地 | 累计 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980s-2000 | -52.10 | -42.54 | -85.55 | 0.22 | 61.92 | 5.63 | 0.82 | 0.93 | -0.97 | -111.64 |
2000-2005 | -52.55 | 6.85 | 4.37 | 0.30 | 5.03 | -9.55 | -2.35 | 1.14 | -2.71 | -49.47 |
Tab.5 Incremental values of different ecosystem service function types表5 全区代表各时期不同服务功能类型的价值增量 |
生态服务 功能 | 气体 调节 | 大气 调节 | 水分 调节 | 水土 保持 | 生物 控制 | 土壤 形成 | 废物 循环 | 食物 供应 | 原材料 | 文化 娱乐 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980s-2000 | -10.01 | -7.16 | -32.94 | -3.09 | -13.39 | -15.87 | -23.95 | 5.10 | -3.28 | -7.05 |
2000-2005 | 0.54 | 0.03 | -26.04 | 2.05 | -1.52 | 0.46 | -21.39 | 0.43 | 0.62 | -4.66 |
Fig.4 Acquisition of ecosystem services value created by human activities & NDVI图4 内蒙古地区代表各时期人类活动和NDVI变化创造的生态系统服务功能价值变化图 |
Fig.5 Loss of ecosystem services value created by human activities & NDVI图5 内蒙古地区代表各时期人类活动和NDVI变化损失的生态系统服务功能价值变化图 |
Fig.6 Value of the ecosystem service stocks in each region图6 代表年份/时期各研究分区服务价值存量状况图 |
Fig.7 Ecosystem service value stock-intensity in each region图7 代表年份/时期各研究分区基于价值存量的价值强度状况图 |
Fig.8 Incremental value and the intensity of the 5-year’s average changes based on the incremental value图8 各盟市价值增量5年平均变化量及基于价值增量的价值强度状况 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
国家环境保护总局.生态环境状况评价技术规范(试行)[S].中华人民共和国环境保护行业标准,HJ/T192-2006.
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |