Journal of Geo-information Science >
Representation and Calculation Method of Topological Relationships for Complex Line Objects
Received date: 2014-01-07
Request revised date: 2014-02-07
Online published: 2014-11-01
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Topological relationship is one of the basic topics of geographic information systems (GISs), and it has been widely applied to data organization and spatial analysis. Many scholars have studied the models of topological relationship and achieved some progresses, among which the 9-Intersections Model (9IM) is well known. This paper aims at finding a method to solve the prominent issue that current models of spatial topological relationships could not represent complex objects. Taking the line object as an example, according to the concepts of point set topology, the complexity of the line object is redefined and distinguished. A linear sequence model of topological relationships, which is based on 9-Intersections Model (9IM) for complex line objects, is proposed and it is represented by some composite basic 9IM matrices. To calculate and distinguish these topological relationships, we applied different methods according to the different relationships between the lines, e.g. some of the lines intersect, some overlap, and others may disjoint. Our main works are stated as follows: we designed an improved sweep-line algorithm to increase the efficiency of the program; we took rectangular envelope algorithm to reduce the execution times, and used vector cross product to determine whether there are any intersections between lines; and we also used coordinates and slopes to deal with some special situations. The test system is developed to prove the capability and efficiency of the model and the calculation method. The procedure is: firstly, the coordinates of two polylines are input; secondly, the polylines are drawn and displayed on the screen, and then the algorithm is executed; finally, the results of topological expressions are produced and shown. As a result, our model can successfully calculate most special relationships between complex polylines, but without the involvement of arc or self-intersection. Generally, this model is still incomplete at present and needs to be improved in future.
WU Changbin , LV Guonian . Representation and Calculation Method of Topological Relationships for Complex Line Objects[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2014 , 16(6) : 839 -845 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2014.00839
Fig. 1 Different shapes of line图1 线的几种情况 |
Fig. 2 Representation of topological relationships between complex object图2 复杂对象的拓扑关系表达方法示意图 |
Fig. 4 An example of complex topological relationship between lines图4 复杂的线-线拓扑关系实例 |
Fig. 5 Vector cross multiplication to determine the intersection between two lines图5 根据矢量叉乘判断两线段是否相交 |
Tab. 1 Different methods by different topological relationships between lines表1 不同情况下线拓扑关系计算的不同方法 |
序号 | 平面上的两条线 | 语义 | 拓扑关系的判断方法 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 线-线相离 | 采用矢量叉乘的判断法 | |
2 | 线-线相交 | 采用矢量叉乘的判断法 | |
3 | 线-线外相接 | 采用坐标和斜率判断的方法,当斜率k不等,但有一个端点坐标相等 | |
4 | 线-线内相接 | 采用坐标和斜率判断的方法,当斜率k不等,但有一个端点在另一直线上 | |
5 | 线-线相等 | 采用坐标和斜率判断的方法,当斜率k相等,且两条线段的两个端点都相等时 | |
6 | 线-线部分包含 | 采用坐标和斜率判断的方法,当斜率k相等,且两条线段的有一个端点坐标相等时 | |
7 | 线-线完全包含 | 采用坐标和斜率判断的方法,当斜率k相等,且两条线段的两个端点都不相等,但都在另一直线上时 | |
8 | 线-线部分重叠 | 采用坐标和斜率判断的方法,当斜率k相等,且两条线段的两个端点都不相等,但有一个端点在另一直线上时 |
Fig. 6 Interface of complex topological calculation between lines图6 线-线的复杂拓扑关系情况计算界面 |
Fig. 7 Test processes of computing topological relationships between complex lines图7 复杂线对象的拓扑关系计算的实验步骤 |
Fig. 8 The result of topological computing图8 线-线复杂拓扑关系计算输出结果 |
Fig. 9 The efficiency analysis of the improved sweep-line algorithm图9 改进的扫描线算法效率分析图 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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