Journal of Geo-information Science >
A Novel Pure Pixel Index Endmember Extraction Algorithm Based on the Maximum Distance
Received date: 2013-12-09
Request revised date: 2014-03-05
Online published: 2015-01-05
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In hyperspectral unmixing, PPI algorithm is a relatively mature algorithm, but each projection vector in PPI algorithm is generated randomly, and the endmembers extracted by PPI algorithm are not stable. That is, different endmembers can be obtained from the same image by repeatedly running PPI algorithm. This paper, based on the convex geometry description of linear spectral mixing model, utilized the feature that the endmembers are the endpoints of the single convex body enclosed in the hyperspectral image feature space, and proposed a novel pure pixel index algorithm for endmember extraction based on the maximum distance. The average of the spectral vectors of all the sample points is calculated and used as the center of a hypersphere. Next, we calculate the Euclidean distances of all the sample points to the center of the hypersphere, and design a radius of equal to or greater than the maximum distance for the hypersphere in the feature space to include all of the sample points. We evenly select the reference points on the surface of the hypersphere. The farthest sample point with respect to each reference point can be found by calculating the Euclidean distance. Subsequently, every sample point’s frequency of being the most distant to the reference points is recorded as an index to evaluate whether the sample point is an endmember or not. Finally, we use the AVIRIS data of Nevada Cuprite to testify this algorithm. The experimental results illustrate that the precision of the endmember extraction using the algorithm proposed in this paper is better than N-FINDR algorithm and VCA algorithm in general. Moreover, it has a good robustness and could overcome the instability of PPI algorithm caused by random projection.
Key words: hyperspectral; mixed pixel; endmember extraction; maximum distance; pure pixel index
XU Jun , XU Fuhong , CAI Tijian , WANG Cailing , HUANG Dechang , LI Weiping . A Novel Pure Pixel Index Endmember Extraction Algorithm Based on the Maximum Distance[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2015 , 17(1) : 86 -90 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.00086
Fig. 1 The schematic diagram of endmember extraction algorithm based on maximum distance pure pixel index图1 最大距离纯像元指数提取端元的原理示意图 |
Fig. 2 The schematic diagram of reference points selection based on hypersphere图2 超球面上选择参考点的原理示意图 |
Fig. 3 The false color composite image of the AVIRIS data of Cuprite area图3 Cuprite区域的AVIRIS数据假彩色合成图 |
Fig. 4 The pure pixel images obtained by the algorithm proposed in this paper and by the PPI algorithm图4 本文算法及PPI算法生成的像元纯净影像 |
Fig. 5 The histograms obtained from two pure pixel images图5 像元纯净影像的灰度直方图 |
Tab. 1 The contrast of the algorithm proposed in this paper with N-FINDR and VCA表1 本文算法与N-FINDR和VCA的对比 |
矿物 | 本文算法(50次均值) | PPI(50次均值) | VCA | N-FINDR |
---|---|---|---|---|
皂石(Nortronite) | 0.0568 | 0.0836 | 0.0713 | 0.0576 |
明矾石(Alunite) | 0.0622 | 0.0829 | 0.0862 | 0.0635 |
蒙脱石(Montmorillonite) | 0.0626 | 0.0743 | 0.0642 | 0.0961 |
玉髓(Chalcedony) | 0.1048 | 0.1512 | 0.1243 | 0.1219 |
沙漠地表(Desert Varnish) | 0.1022 | 0.1141 | 0.1081 | 0.1131 |
铵长石(Buddingtonite) | 0.0939 | 0.1254 | 0.1056 | 0.0916 |
白云母(Muscovite) | 0.0706 | 0.0982 | 0.0751 | 0.0808 |
高岭石(Kaolinite) | 0.1295 | 0.1442 | 0.1348 | 0.1303 |
榍石(Sphene) | 0.0612 | 0.0813 | 0.0627 | 0.0726 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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