Journal of Geo-information Science >
Evaluation of China's Urban Scale Structure and Spatial Pattern Based on Zipf-PLE Model
Received date: 2014-10-30
Request revised date: 2014-12-04
Online published: 2015-06-10
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Great changes have taken place in China's urban scale system during the last 30 years. The driving forces that cannot be ignored include following factors: the population urbanization propelled by its aggregation, the land urbanization driven by its revenue, and the economic urbanization promoted by GDP. Using the analytical tools of GIS integrating three factors of resident population, built-up area and economic output, we constructed Zipf-PLE model for a in-depth research on the spatial pattern of China's urban scale system. The result shows that: (1) in 2010, China's urban scale system is matured with completed levels of hierarchy, which is reflected by a relatively rational pyramid-shaped pattern with larger scale locates in the middle while smaller scale stays at the bottom. The urban scale system structure in the western region has the highest rationality, which presents a pyramid-shaped pattern with larger scale at the bottom and smaller scale at the top. The urban scale system structure in the eastern regions is relatively sound and contains the largest quantity of medium-sized cities, indicating a pyramid-shaped pattern with larger scale in the middle and smaller scale at both ends. The urban scale system structure in the central regions is featured by its incomplete urban system hierarchy, which lacks megacities especially, and presents a pattern with larger scale in both the middle and the bottom, while having smaller scale at the top. (2) The overall urban scale system in China at the provincial level is rational, with 90.32% of the provinces being moderately rational. Among all 27 provinces, except 4 municipalities, the urban scale system patterns of 8 provinces are inclined to disperse and the other 19 tend to concentrate. (3) Furthermore, we allocate the provincial urban scale systems in China into different categories according to their rationality rankings, which are: the high-level (with 11 provinces and municipalities including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Guangxi, Gansu, Fujian and Jilin), the relatively high-level (with 12 provinces of Guangdong, Shanxi, Yunnan, Hunan, Guizhou, Liaoning, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hebei and Henan), the medium-level (provinces of Hubei, Shandong and Anhui), the low-level (provinces of Hainan, Mongolia and Ningxia), and the irrational areas (provinces of Qinghai and Tibet).
Key words: China's city scale system; Zipf-PLE model; reasonable evaluation
WANG Zhenbo , FANG Chuanglin , HU Ruishan . Evaluation of China's Urban Scale Structure and Spatial Pattern Based on Zipf-PLE Model[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2015 , 17(6) : 682 -688 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.00682
Tab. 1 Analysis of the structural characteristics in urban scale system in 2010, for cities in the eastern, central, western regions of China and on a national scale表1 2010年中国及东中西部地区城市体系规模结构特征比较分析表 |
区域 | 城市数(座) | 50万以下 | 50~100万 | 100~500万 | 500~1000万 | 1000万以上 | 城市规模结构特征 | 城市规模结构合理性判断 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小城市 | 中等城市 | 大城市 | 特大城市 | 超大城市 | ||||
东部地区 | 283 | 41 | 133 | 102 | 5 | 2 | 中间大,两端小 | 较合理 |
中部地区 | 247 | 83 | 104 | 58 | 2 | 0 | 中底端大,顶端小 | 较合理 |
西部地区 | 127 | 64 | 38 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 底端大,顶端小 | 合理 |
全国 | 657 | 188 | 275 | 182 | 9 | 3 | 中间略大,底端小 | 较合理 |
Fig. 1 Distribution chart of Zip-PLE's exponent for all cities in China图1 全国城市位序-规模指数分布图 |
Fig. 2 Distribution chart of Zip-PLE's exponent for cities in eastern China图2 东部地区城市位序-规模指数分布图 |
Fig. 3 Distribution chart of Zip-PLE's exponent for cities in central China图3 中部地区城市位序-规模指数分布图 |
Fig. 4 Distribution chart of Zip-PLE's exponent for cities in western China图4 西部地区城市位序-规模指数分布图 |
Fig. 5 The quantity of the provincial cities of China in 2010图5 2010年中国省域城市数量分布图 |
Tab.2 The Zip-PLE exponents for the provincial cities of China in 2010表2 2010年省域城市“位序-规模”分布表 |
地区 | q值 | R2值 | 地区 | q值 | R2值 | 地区 | q值 | R2值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全国 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 山东 | 0.68 | 0.97 | 内蒙古 | 1.41 | 0.84 |
东部 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 广东 | 1.15 | 0.94 | 四川 | 0.77 | 0.85 |
中部 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 广西 | 1.08 | 0.70 | 重庆 | - | - |
西部 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 海南 | 1.40 | 0.83 | 贵州 | 0.87 | 0.93 |
北京 | - | - | 山西 | 0.89 | 0.96 | 云南 | 0.88 | 0.93 |
天津 | - | - | 吉林 | 0.90 | 0.85 | 西藏 | - | - |
河北 | 0.77 | 0.97 | 黑龙江 | 1.08 | 0.97 | 陕西 | 1.07 | 0.96 |
辽宁 | 0.87 | 0.95 | 安徽 | 0.64 | 0.93 | 甘肃 | 1.06 | 0.84 |
上海 | - | - | 江西 | 0.84 | 0.70 | 青海 | - | - |
江苏 | 0.81 | 0.95 | 河南 | 0.74 | 0.84 | 宁夏 | 0.48 | 0.74 |
浙江 | 0.79 | 0.91 | 湖北 | 0.70 | 0.90 | 新疆 | 1.08 | 0.95 |
福建 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 湖南 | 0.88 | 0.78 |
Tab. 3 Comprehensive diagnostic criteria for spatial structure rationality of the provincial cities in China表3 中国省域城市规模结构合理性诊断表 |
合理性分区 | 标准 | 省(直辖市、自治区) | 合理性比例(%) |
---|---|---|---|
高合理区 | Q<0.1 | 京(-)、沪(-)、津(-)、渝(-)、新(0.08)、黑(0.08)、桂(0.08)、陕(0.07)、甘(0.06)、闽(0.02)、 吉(0.10) | 35.48 |
较高合理区 | 0.1<Q<0.3 | 粤(0.15)、晋(0.11)、云(0.12)、湘(0.12)、贵(0.13)、辽(0.13)、赣(0.16)、苏(0.19)、浙(0.21)、川(0.23)、冀(0.23)、豫(0.26) | 38.71 |
中等合理区 | 0.3<Q<0.5 | 鄂(0.30)、鲁(0.32)、皖(0.36)、琼(0.40)、蒙(0.41) | 16.13 |
低合理区 | 0.5<Q<0.8 | 宁(0.52) | 3.23 |
不合理区 | 0.8<Q<1 | 青海(1)、西藏(1) | 6.45 |
Fig.6 Distribution of urban scale rationalities for the provincial cities in China according to the urban scale system图6 中国城市规模体系合理性分布图 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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