Journal of Geo-information Science >
Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Land Cover Changes in China During 1990-2010
Received date: 2015-05-04
Request revised date: 2015-06-01
Online published: 2015-11-10
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Based on CG-LTDR datasets, the land cover change and distribution characteristics during 1990-2010 were analyzed in China using the GIS spatial statistical analysis and other mathematical statistics methods. Compared with the reference data of CLUD, CG-LTDR land cover data has a higher classification precision. The new datasets show that the land cover indicates obvious interannual evolutions due to the climate and human activities, especially in the semi-arid and semi-humid areas distributed along Inner Mongolia to Yunnan Province. The synthetic land cover data for 5 years were used to eliminate the interannual fluctuations and to increase accuracy. The results show that the land cover types in China had changed dramatically during 1990-2000 and indicated a relatively smooth pattern during 2000-2010, which is related to the application of national policy and economic development. Among the four major land cover types, the increase of woodland area was the most significant, which is mainly due to the land use transformation from farmland to woodland in the Southeast China, and grassland into woodland in the southwest and northeast part of China. But due to the deforestation and cropland expansion, the coverage of woodland was decreased in some of the Northeast and Northwest China regions. Farmland has the largest coverage in China, while its decreasing trend is mainly caused by its transformation toward woodland and grassland. The most significant decrease of farmland appeared in the south part of China, while a slight increase was revealed in some of the Northern China. The increase of woodland and decrease of farmland were related to the national policy of "returning farmland to forest" and relevant ecological environment constructions. Grassland was mainly distributed in the ecological fragile region, and was prone to convert into other land cover types. Moreover, grassland decreased most evidently around China, because of the changes among different land cover types. To be specific, grassland was turned into woodland in Southwest China. And, grassland and farmland was interactively converted into each other along the conjunction areas from the middle east of Inner Mongolia to the north of Shaanxi Province. Additionally, grassland and bareland was converted interactively along the regions from the northern of Inner Mongolia to Tibetan Plateau. The bareland was mainly located in the Northwest China, while showing an increasing trend due to the degradation of grassland.
Key words: CG-LTDR datasets; long time series; land cover; precision evaluation; dynamic change
HE Huijuan , SHI Xueli . Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Land Cover Changes in China During 1990-2010[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2015 , 17(11) : 1323 -1332 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.01323
Tab. 1 The standard of aggregated category表1 分类系统聚合统一标准 |
序号 | 类型 | 参考数据CLUD | 评估数据CG-LTDR |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 林地 | 有林地、灌木林、疏林地、其他林地 | 常绿针叶林、落叶针叶林、常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林、灌木林 |
2 | 草地 | 高覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地 | 稀疏植被、草地、苔原 |
3 | 耕地 | 水田、旱地 | 耕地、作物-林地混合地 |
4 | 裸地 | 沙地、戈壁、盐碱地、裸土地、裸岩石砾地、其他 | 沙地 |
5 | 其他 | 永久性冰川雪地、城镇用地、农村居民点、其他建设用地、沼泽地、滩涂、河渠、湖泊、水库坑塘、滩地 | 冰雪、居民地、湿地、水体 |
Fig. 1 Land cover data comparison图1 土地覆盖数据比较 |
Tab.2 Confusion matrix of the CG-LTDR 2000 data and reference data表2 CG-LTDR 2000年数据与参考数据混淆矩阵(km2) |
参考数据 | CG-LTDR 2000年数据 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
林地 | 草地 | 耕地 | 荒漠 | |
林地 | 139.72 | 24.13 | 83.46 | 0.67 |
草地 | 16.12 | 155.19 | 44.54 | 92.67 |
耕地 | 8.13 | 35.29 | 128.60 | 0.90 |
荒漠 | 1.88 | 15.88 | 1.90 | 169.69 |
Fig. 2 Temporal evolutions of different CG-LTDR land cover types during 1990-2010图2 CG-LTDR数据主要土地覆盖类型1990-2010年变化 |
Fig. 3 The transfer frequency of land cover during 1990-2010图3 1990-2010年间土地覆盖类型转移频次 |
Fig. 4 Spatial distribution and variations of land covers图4 不同时期中国土地覆盖的空间分布及变化 |
Tab.3 Transition matrix of the land cover types from 1990 to 2010 (unit: km2)表3 1990-2010年土地覆盖转移矩阵(km2) |
1990年 | 2010年 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
林地 | 草地 | 耕地 | 荒漠 | |
林地 | 70.19 | 2.43 | 16.72 | 0.003 |
草地 | 42.65 | 170.77 | 43.69 | 30.81 |
耕地 | 78.39 | 28.65 | 202.63 | 0.73 |
荒漠 | 0.02 | 10.84 | 0.48 | 221.66 |
Fig. 5 Woodland coverage rate changes in different provinces of China from 1990 to 2010图5 1990-2010年间中国各省(区/市)林地覆盖率变化 |
Fig. 6 Farmland coverage rate changes in different provinces of China from 1990 to 2010图6 1990-2010年间中国各省(区/市)耕地覆盖率变化 |
Fig. 7 Grassland coverage rate changes in different provinces of China from 1990 to 2010图7 1990-2010年间中国各省(区/市)草地覆盖率变化 |
Fig. 8 Bareland coverage rate changes in different provinces of China from 1990 to 2010图8 1990-2010年间中国各省(区/市)荒漠覆盖率变化 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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