Journal of Geo-information Science >
Analysis of Land Cover Change on Basic Geomorphic Types in Shanxi Province
Received date: 2015-05-12
Request revised date: 2015-05-28
Online published: 2016-02-04
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Based on the land cover data in 2000, 2005 and 2010, we used the Shanxi Province administrative boundary and the digital geomorphic database of China at a scale of 1:1 000 000, the methods of the dynamic degree analysis, the transformation probability matrix and the frequency distribution of area in different land cover types to analyze the land cover dynamic change from 2000 to 2010 on basic geomorphic types in Shanxi Province. The results were indicated as follows: (1) The main types of land cover were arable land, woodland and grassland, which accounted for over 95% of the area in Shanxi Province. The woodland and construction land revealed an increasing tendency; however, the arable land and grassland indicatd the opposite tendency. The primary change tendency of land cover types was similar for the two periods of 2000-2005 and 2005-2010, which were resulting from the mutual transformation between woodland and grassland, arable land and construction land, as well as grassland and construction land. (2) The percentages of arable land and construction land gradually reduced with the increase of relief amplitude. Inversely, the percentage of woodland increased as the relief amplitude increased. In terms of the area change, the main changes of arable land, woodland and grassland occurred in the medium relief mountains; change of water area mainly occurred in high relief mountains; change of construction land area mainly occurred in plains and tablelands; and change of unused land area primarily occurred in small relief mountains. In the view of dynamic degree, arable land, grassland and water area exhibited the greatest changes in high relief mountains. And the most evident changes of woodland, construction land and unused land occurred in plains, hills and small relief mountains respectively. (3) The major transformations between land cover types were different with respect to basic geomorphic types. In the plains, the main occurrence was that the grassland evolved into woodland. The major transformations of tablelands were similar to that of the hills. Between 2000 and 2005, woodland was mainly degraded to grassland, while between 2005 and 2010, there was a mutual transition between grassland and woodland. In the small relief mountains, the dominating change trend was the mutual transition between grassland and woodland. However, the proportion of the grassland converted into woodland was much higher than that from the woodland into grassland. While in the medium relief and high relief mountains, the main transitions were that other land cover types transformed into woodland. It can be noted that the National Grain for Green Project and Afforestation Policy mainly occurred in the mountain area, while deforestation occurred in the gentle relief area.
HE Weican , ZHAO Shangmin , CHENG Weiming . Analysis of Land Cover Change on Basic Geomorphic Types in Shanxi Province[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016 , 18(2) : 210 -219 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00210
Fig. 1 Location and relief map of the study area图1 山西省分布范围与地形特征[16] |
Fig. 2 Distribution of the basic geomorphic types in Shanxi Province图2 山西省基本地貌类型分布图 |
Tab. 1 The basic geomorphic types in China表1 中国陆地地貌基本形态类型 |
起伏度/m | 海拔/m | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
低海拔(<1000) | 中海拔(1000~3500) | 高海拔(3500~5000) | 极高海拔(>5000) | |
平原(一般<30) | 低海拔平原 | 中海拔平原 | 高海拔平原 | 极高海拔平原 |
台地(一般>30) | 低海拔台地 | 中海拔台地 | 中海拔台地 | 中海拔台地 |
丘陵(<200) | 低海拔丘陵 | 中海拔丘陵 | 高海拔丘陵 | 极高海拔丘陵 |
小起伏山地(200~500) | 小起伏低山 | 小起伏中山 | 小起伏高山 | 小起伏极高山 |
中起伏山地(500~1000) | 中起伏低山 | 中起伏中山 | 中起伏高山 | 中起伏极高山 |
大起伏山地(1000~2500) | - | 大起伏中山 | 大起伏高山 | 大起伏极高山 |
极大起伏山地(>2500) | - | - | 极大起伏高山 | 极大起伏极高山 |
注:“-”表示不可能出现的地貌类型组合[24] |
Tab. 2 Area and area ratio of the basic geomorphic types in Shanxi Province表2 山西省基本地貌类型面积及比例 |
地貌类型 | 平原 | 台地 | 丘陵 | 小起伏山地 | 中起伏山地 | 大起伏山地 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积/km2 | 29 884.7 | 24 745.7 | 23 067.2 | 39 228.2 | 32 847.5 | 7005.2 |
比例/(%) | 19.1 | 15.8 | 14.7 | 25.0 | 20.9 | 4.5 |
Tab. 3 Areas and percentages of land cover types in Shanxi Province in 2000, 2005 and 2010表3 2000、2005和2010年山西省各土地覆被类型面积比例 |
土地覆被 类型 | 2000年 | 2005年 | 2010年 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积/km2 | 比例/(%) | 面积/km2 | 比例/(%) | 面积/km2 | 比例/(%) | |||
耕地 | 58 999.44 | 37.63 | 58 536.24 | 37.34 | 58 460.86 | 37.29 | ||
林地 | 37 080.15 | 23.65 | 40 651.68 | 25.93 | 45 702.62 | 29.15 | ||
草地 | 54 250.74 | 34.60 | 51 028.69 | 32.55 | 45 601.18 | 29.09 | ||
水域 | 548.57 | 0.35 | 592.14 | 0.38 | 593.66 | 0.38 | ||
建设用地 | 5796.38 | 3.70 | 5855.66 | 3.73 | 6303.01 | 4.02 | ||
未利用地 | 104.47 | 0.07 | 115.34 | 0.07 | 118.49 | 0.08 |
Fig. 3 Distribution of land cover types in Shanxi Province in 2000, 2005 and 2010图3 2000、2005和2010年山西省土地覆被分布图 |
Tab. 4 The probability transformation matrix of land cover types in Shanxi Province from 2000 to 2005表4 2000-2005年山西省土地覆被类型转移概率矩阵 |
土地覆被类型 转移概率/(%) | 耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | 水域 | 建设 用地 | 未利 用地 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
耕地 | 98.33 | 0.82 | 0.38 | 0.09 | 0.37 | 0.01 |
林地 | 0.08 | 92.25 | 7.63 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
草地 | 0.53 | 10.83 | 88.10 | 0.05 | 0.48 | 0.01 |
水域 | 5.39 | 0.28 | 0.86 | 92.50 | 0.81 | 0.16 |
建设用地 | 2.98 | 1.40 | 2.93 | 0.04 | 92.62 | 0.03 |
未利用地 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 2.54 | 2.43 | 0.01 | 94.94 |
Tab. 5 The probability transformation matrix of land cover types in Shanxi Province from 2005 to 2010表5 2005-2010年山西省土地覆被类型转移概率矩阵 |
土地覆被类型转移概率/(%) | 耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | 水域 | 建设 用地 | 未利 用地 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
耕地 | 98.99 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.54 | 0.00 |
林地 | 0.31 | 88.84 | 10.59 | 0.00 | 0.25 | 0.00 |
草地 | 0.42 | 18.59 | 80.64 | 0.01 | 0.34 | 0.01 |
水域 | 7.23 | 0.19 | 3.57 | 88.31 | 0.29 | 0.43 |
建设用地 | 2.21 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 97.52 | 0.00 |
未利用地 | 2.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 97.88 |
Tab. 6 Area and area ratio of different land cover types in different basic geomorphic types表6 地貌类型下土地覆被类型面积与比例 |
类型 | 年份 | 面积/km2 | 比例/(%) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | 水域 | 建设用地 | 未利用地 | 耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | 水域 | 建设用地 | 未利用地 | |||
平原 | 2000 | 20 868.5 | 694.3 | 4178.0 | 502.3 | 3574.6 | 67.1 | 69.83 | 2.32 | 13.98 | 1.68 | 11.96 | 0.04 | |
2005 | 20 866.4 | 767.9 | 3992.1 | 539.6 | 3649.6 | 69.2 | 69.82 | 2.57 | 13.36 | 1.81 | 12.21 | 0.04 | ||
2010 | 20 678.1 | 1306.4 | 3390.8 | 549.0 | 3890.1 | 70.4 | 69.19 | 4.37 | 11.35 | 1.84 | 13.02 | 0.04 | ||
台地 | 2000 | 16 315.1 | 1075.1 | 6195.3 | 12.3 | 1145.1 | 2.9 | 65.93 | 4.34 | 25.04 | 0.05 | 4.63 | 0.02 | |
2005 | 16 293.4 | 870.7 | 6410.3 | 14.8 | 1153.3 | 3.2 | 65.84 | 3.52 | 25.90 | 0.06 | 4.66 | 0.02 | ||
2010 | 16 304.4 | 1512.5 | 5683.8 | 12.8 | 1229.0 | 3.2 | 65.89 | 6.11 | 22.97 | 0.05 | 4.97 | 0.02 | ||
丘陵 | 2000 | 10 119.7 | 1551.2 | 10 989.1 | 6.7 | 398.4 | 2.1 | 43.87 | 6.72 | 47.64 | 0.03 | 1.73 | 0.01 | |
2005 | 10 119.2 | 1230.3 | 11 298.0 | 7.0 | 410.6 | 2.3 | 43.87 | 5.33 | 48.98 | 0.03 | 1.78 | 0.01 | ||
2010 | 10 141.7 | 2069.9 | 10 398.3 | 6.7 | 448.3 | 2.3 | 43.97 | 8.97 | 45.08 | 0.03 | 1.94 | 0.01 | ||
小起伏山地 | 2000 | 8790.1 | 10 703.0 | 19 226.9 | 14.0 | 473.9 | 20.4 | 22.41 | 27.28 | 49.01 | 0.04 | 1.21 | 0.00 | |
2005 | 8662.6 | 12 365.0 | 17 692.9 | 19.6 | 462.6 | 25.5 | 22.08 | 31.52 | 45.10 | 0.05 | 1.18 | 0.00 | ||
2010 | 8709.3 | 13 753.1 | 16 203.5 | 13.8 | 521.4 | 27.3 | 22.20 | 35.06 | 41.31 | 0.04 | 1.33 | 0.00 | ||
中起伏山地 | 2000 | 2613.6 | 18 443.2 | 11 603.4 | 9.3 | 171.4 | 6.9 | 7.96 | 56.15 | 35.32 | 0.03 | 0.52 | 0.00 | |
2005 | 2356.5 | 20 477.1 | 9846.3 | 8.5 | 150.4 | 9.0 | 7.17 | 62.34 | 29.98 | 0.03 | 0.46 | 0.00 | ||
2010 | 2387.3 | 21 831.2 | 8432.9 | 9.1 | 179.1 | 9.2 | 7.27 | 66.46 | 25.67 | 0.03 | 0.55 | 0.00 | ||
大起伏山地 | 2000 | 292.4 | 4613.1 | 2057.8 | 3.8 | 33.0 | 5.1 | 4.17 | 65.85 | 29.38 | 0.05 | 0.47 | 0.01 | |
2005 | 238.1 | 4940.4 | 1788.9 | 2.6 | 29.2 | 6.1 | 3.40 | 70.52 | 25.54 | 0.04 | 0.42 | 0.01 | ||
2010 | 240.1 | 5230.0 | 1491.6 | 2.3 | 35.3 | 6.1 | 3.43 | 74.66 | 21.29 | 0.03 | 0.50 | 0.01 |
Tab. 7 Variation and dynamic degree of land cover types in different geomorphic types from 2000 to 2010表7 2000-2010年山西省各地貌类型的土地覆被变化量及动态度 |
类型 | 变化 | 平原 | 台地 | 丘陵 | 小起伏山地 | 中起伏山地 | 大起伏山地 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
耕地 | 面积变化/km2 | -2.12 | -21.70 | -0.48 | -127.48 | -257.13 | -54.29 |
动态度/(%) | -0.01 | -0.13 | 0.00 | -1.45 | -9.84 | -18.57 | |
林地 | 面积变化/km2 | 612.18 | 437.46 | 518.68 | 3050.06 | 3388.00 | 616.90 |
动态度/(%) | 88.18 | 40.69 | 33.44 | 28.50 | 18.37 | 13.37 | |
草地 | 面积变化/km2 | -787.16 | -511.47 | -590.74 | -3023.38 | -3170.57 | -566.21 |
动态度/(%) | -18.84 | -8.26 | -5.38 | -15.72 | -27.32 | -27.51 | |
水域 | 面积变化/km2 | 46.65 | 0.49 | -0.01 | -0.24 | -0.27 | -1.53 |
动态度/(%) | 9.29 | 3.99 | -0.15 | -1.71 | -2.90 | -39.84 | |
建设用地 | 面积变化/km2 | 315.43 | 83.89 | 49.91 | 47.43 | 7.70 | 2.27 |
动态度/(%) | 8.82 | 7.33 | 12.53 | 10.01 | 4.49 | 6.88 | |
未利用地 | 面积变化/km2 | 3.32 | 0.32 | 0.15 | 6.88 | 2.28 | 1.07 |
动态度/(%) | 4.95 | 11.07 | 7.04 | 33.74 | 32.85 | 21.10 |
Fig. 4 Frequency distribution of area for different land cover types according to the basic geomorphic types图4 土地覆被类型基本地貌类型下面积频度分布 |
Tab. 8 The main land cover transition on basic geomorphic types in Shanxi Province from 2000 to 2010表8 2000-2010年山西省各地貌类型的土地覆被主要转化类型 |
地貌 类型 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
主要转换类型 | 转化率/(%) | 主要转换类型 | 转化率/(%) | ||
平原 | 林转草 | 11.5 | 林转草 | 18.7 | |
草转建 | 3.5 | 林转建 | 4.8 | ||
草转耕 | 3.4 | 林转耕 | 3.5 | ||
台地 | 林转草 | 30.6 | 林转草 | 14.7 | |
建转耕 | 3.0 | 草转林 | 12.3 | ||
建转草 | 2.8 | 建转耕 | 2.9 | ||
丘陵 | 林转草 | 39.3 | 林转草 | 32.7 | |
建转耕 | 3.0 | 草转林 | 11.2 | ||
建转草 | 2.3 | 建转耕 | 1.9 | ||
小起伏山地 | 草转林 | 13.3 | 草转林 | 19.8 | |
林转草 | 9.2 | 林转草 | 16.7 | ||
未利用转草 | 5.9 | 水转草 | 2.2 | ||
中起伏山地 | 草转林 | 21.2 | 草转林 | 27.8 | |
耕转林 | 10.1 | 林转草 | 6.6 | ||
建转草 | 8.6 | 建转林 | 1.1 | ||
大起伏山地 | 耕转林 | 19.5 | 草转林 | 28.7 | |
草转林 | 19.3 | 林转草 | 4.5 | ||
建转草 | 16.1 | 建转林 | 3.1 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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