Journal of Geo-information Science >
A Study on Eco-compensation Based on Eco-Service Assessment in 14 Contiguous Destitute Areas of China
Received date: 2015-07-15
Request revised date: 2015-11-10
Online published: 2016-03-10
Copyright
This paper calculated the eco-compensation standard in China's 14 contiguous destitute areas based on eco-service assessment using the remote sensing data (Landsat TM/ETM+ and HJ-1 CCD) combined with the ground observation data consisting of soil, vegetation and climate datasets. The results are indicated as follows: (1) The ecosystem in China's 14 contiguous destitute areas was important to the national ecological security showing a high eco-service value up to 2062.7 billion per year, which was roughly the same as the annual gross domestic product (GDP). In certain west areas, the annual eco-service values were 2 to 12 times higher than their annual GDP, reflecting their significant contributions to the national ecological security. (2) The eco-compensation standard in China's 14 contiguous destitute areas was overall about 197.1 billion per year. The average eco-compensation standard for each impoverished county was about 0.3 billion theoretically, which indicated that the central government's financial transfer payment could not cover this amount currently. At present, the impoverished county which benefits from the financial transfer could receive 0.09 billion per year averagely, and this only covers 32.4% of the necessary eco-compensation. This situation brings enormous pressure to the poverty alleviation work and increases the ecological risk in China's 14 contiguous destitute areas as well. (3) Increasing the eco-compensation standard for the contiguous destitute areas might be the key measure to solve the problem of poverty. Besides, local government should develop a new poverty alleviation strategy, in which the ecological products development is considered to be predominant and the economic development to be auxiliary.
XU Lili , LI Baolin , YUAN Yuecheng , GAO Xizhang , TAO Zhang . A Study on Eco-compensation Based on Eco-Service Assessment in 14 Contiguous Destitute Areas of China[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016 , 18(3) : 286 -297 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00286
Fig. 1 The location of the study area图1 研究区概况 |
Tab. 1 Data and data sources表1 主要数据及其来源 |
数据 | 数据来源 |
---|---|
土地覆被数据 | 利用2010年Landsat TM/ETM+数据和HJ-1卫星CCD数据分类得到 |
土壤类型分布数据 | 1:100万全国土壤类型图 |
土壤属性数据 | 《中国土种志》 南京土壤所中国土壤数据库(http://www.soil.csdb.cn/) |
数字高程数据(30 m) | ASTER Global DEM V2 数据(http://gdex.cr.usgs.gov/gdex/) |
2010年植被全年合成的净初级生产力数据(1 km) | MODIS MOD17A3数据(http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/) |
2010年降雨数据 | 中国气象科学数据共享服务网(http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/) |
社会经济统计数据 | 2011年各省统计年鉴 2011年中国农村统计年鉴 中华人民共和国国家统计局网站(http://www.stats.gov.cn/) |
Tab. 2 The framework of eco-service assessment in 14 contiguous destitute areas of China表2 集中连片贫困区间接使用价值评估体系 |
间接使用价值类型 | 具体含义 | ||
---|---|---|---|
调节 功能 | 大气调节 | 固定CO2 | 生态系统对CO2的调节作用价值,对CO2的吸收价值为正值 |
释放O2 | 生态系统对O2的调节作用价值,对O2的释放价值为正值 | ||
净化环境 | 吸收SO2 | 森林生态系统和草原生态系统对SO2的吸收功能的价值 | |
滞尘 | 森林生态系统和草原生态系统对粉尘的吸收功能的价值 | ||
支持 功能 | 土壤保持 | 减少土壤废弃 | 生态系统因土壤保持而减少了土壤的废弃产生的价值 |
土壤肥力保持 | 生态系统保持土壤肥力功能的价值 | ||
减轻泥沙淤积 | 减少生态系统泥沙流失,从而减少泥沙在水库等地淤积损失的价值 | ||
营养循环 | 持留养分 | 生态系统的土壤中含有大量营养物质(主要为全氮,有效磷,有效钾)的生态服务功能价值 | |
水源涵养 | 蓄积水分 | 生态系统储蓄水分所产生的生态服务功能价值 |
Fig. 2 Eco-service, eco-compensation and annual GDP in the 14 contiguous destitute areas of China in 2010图2 2004年集中连片重点贫困地区生态系统服务价值总量,年GDP及建议生态补偿额度(×109元) |
Tab. 3 Eco-service and eco-compensation in the 14 contiguous destitute areas of China表3 基于生态价值的集中连片贫困片区生态补偿标准 |
片区 | 生态系统服务价值/(×109元) | GDP/(×109元) | 补偿标准/(×109元) | 排序 |
---|---|---|---|---|
西藏地区 | 465.1 | 39.9 | 71.8 | 1 |
四省藏区 | 450.7 | 93.9 | 58.6 | 2 |
滇西边境山区 | 221.7 | 129.9 | 18.9 | 3 |
秦巴地区 | 195.4 | 368.6 | 12.1 | 4 |
滇黔桂石漠化地区 | 218.9 | 249.2 | 11.4 | 5 |
六盘山片区 | 123.6 | 188.9 | 8.1 | 6 |
南疆三地州 | 45.3 | 47.5 | 4.4 | 7 |
武陵山片区 | 116.9 | 270.4 | 4.1 | 8 |
乌蒙山片区 | 87.0 | 115.7 | 3.4 | 9 |
大兴安岭南麓山片区 | 27.3 | 82.8 | 1.2 | 10 |
燕山-太行山片区 | 34.5 | 134.5 | 1.1 | 11 |
罗萧山片区 | 31.8 | 117.4 | 1.0 | 12 |
吕梁山片区 | 30.8 | 331.2 | 0.6 | 13 |
大别山片区 | 13.7 | 39.6 | 0.4 | 14 |
总计 | 2062.7 | 2209.6 | 197.1 | - |
Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of eco-service in the 14 contiguous destitute areas (2010)图3 集中连片重点贫困地区生态价值(2010年) |
Fig. 4 Eco-compensation based on eco-service assessment in contiguous destitute areas of China (2010年)图4 基于生态系统服务价值评估的集中连片重点贫困区建议生态补偿标准(2010年) |
Tab. 4 Eco-service in each contiguous destitute area of China (billion Yuan)表4 我国集中连片贫困片区各片区生态系统服务价值(×109元) |
片区 | 大气调节 | 净化环境 | 土壤保持 | 营养循环 | 水源涵养 | 总计 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
吕梁山片区 | 4.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 13.7 |
罗霄山片区 | 16.6 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 5.2 | 7.4 | 31.8 |
大别山片区 | 17.1 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 9.3 | 3.2 | 30.8 |
燕山-太行山片区 | 10.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 10.5 | 13.0 | 34.5 |
大兴安岭南麓山片区 | 12.7 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 9.6 | 3.9 | 27.3 |
秦巴地区 | 62.1 | 2.5 | 6.1 | 26.2 | 98.6 | 195.4 |
六盘山片区 | 24.3 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 18.1 | 79.5 | 123.6 |
武陵山片区 | 51.6 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 30.1 | 28.2 | 116.9 |
乌蒙山片区 | 38.9 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 26.1 | 17.5 | 87.0 |
滇黔桂石漠化地区 | 84.0 | 3.6 | 6.1 | 34.9 | 90.3 | 218.9 |
滇西边境山区 | 110.9 | 3.7 | 7.4 | 38.6 | 61.0 | 221.7 |
南疆三地州 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 38.1 | 45.3 |
西藏地区 | 68.5 | 3.6 | 9.6 | 42.5 | 341.0 | 465.1 |
四省藏区 | 100.1 | 3.3 | 9.7 | 96.2 | 241.3 | 450.7 |
总计 | 605.8 | 24.0 | 51.2 | 355.1 | 1026.4 | 2062.7 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
[
|
[2] |
[
|
[3] |
[
|
[4] |
[
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
[
|
[7] |
[
|
[8] |
[
|
[9] |
[
|
[10] |
[
|
[11] |
[
|
[12] |
[
|
[13] |
[
|
[14] |
[
|
[15] |
[
|
[16] |
[
|
[17] |
[
|
[18] |
[
|
[19] |
国家环境保护局.中国生物多样性国情研究报告[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998.
[ Ministry of Environmetal Protection of the People's Repubic of China. Report of Biodiversity Research in China[M]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1998. ]
|
[20] |
中华人民共和国环境保护部.排污费征收标准管理办法[EB/OL]..
[ Ministry of Environmetal Protection of the People's Repubic of China. Standard management method for the sewage charges[EB/OL]. ]
|
[21] |
[
|
[22] |
[
|
[23] |
|
[24] |
|
[25] |
|
[26] |
|
[27] |
[
|
[28] |
[
|
[29] |
[
|
[30] |
[
|
[31] |
[
|
[32] |
[
|
[33] |
[
|
[34] |
[
|
[35] |
[
|
[36] |
[
|
[37] |
[
|
[38] |
[
|
[39] |
[
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |