Journal of Geo-information Science >
Analysis of Population Distribution and Its Spatial Relationship with Terrain Elements in the Yarlung Zangbo River, Nyangqu River and Lhasa River Region, Tibet
Received date: 2016-09-19
Request revised date: 2016-11-04
Online published: 2017-02-17
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The Yarlung Zangbo River, Nyangqu River and Lhasa River Region (the YNL River Region) is the political, economic and cultural center of Tibet, with large population and more developed economy. In this region, there are a variety of complex terrain units, such as mountain plateau, valley plains, and the geomorphological conditions directly or indirectly affect population distribution in this region. Study on the relationship between population distribution and complex topography can be helpful to reveal the present situation of population distribution and understand the spatial structure of population distribution. This study will play an important role in selecting a livable site, improving living environment of the farmers and herdsmen and making the policy of regional economic development. This study will have great significance on the sustainable development of the population, resources and environment in this region. Based on the STRM DEM (30 m) and 1km×1km population density raster data in 2010, we used spatial analysis of ARCGIS 10.1 and raster calculation to extracted terrain features data from DEM. This paper analyzed the population distribution in the YNL River Region, Tibet and quantified the relationship between population distribution and topographical parameters, i.e. elevation, slope, aspect and relief degree of land surface (RDLS). The results showed that: (1) The population density in 90% of the total area of the YNL River Region is less than 10 persons / km2, and 80% of the population distributes in less than 5% of the land. The population distribution is relatively concentrated. At present, there are two main population gathering area in YNL River Region, Chengguan District in Lhasa and Shigatse City in Shigatse Region. Lhasa Chengguan District is particularly significant. (2) Population shows a significant characteristic of distribution along the river. 80.46% of the population lives in the area less than 10 km to the river and there is a significant exponential correlation between population and the distance to rivers. The population density within 2 km from the river is higher than 50 persons / km2. (3) Nearly 99% of the population locates at an altitude of 4500 m or less. When the altitude exceeds 3800m, population density with elevation shows a downward trend. (4) Nearly 70% of the population distributes in the area with slope gradient less than 15°. The greater slope, the smaller population density. The slope aspect has no significant influence on population distribution. (5) RDLS has a relatively significant influence on population distribution. 85% of the population is located in the regions with RDLS less than 800 m. The population density and RDLS are in inverse exponential relationship.
ZHAO Tongtong , SONG Bangguo , CHEN Yuansheng , YAN Huimin , XU Zengrang . Analysis of Population Distribution and Its Spatial Relationship with Terrain Elements in the Yarlung Zangbo River, Nyangqu River and Lhasa River Region, Tibet[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017 , 19(2) : 225 -237 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00225
Fig. 1 The map of YNL River Region图1 一江两河地区地理位置示意图 |
Tab. 1 The classification of population density in YNL River Region表1 西藏一江两河地区人口密度分级统计表 |
人口密度/ (人/km²) | 人口 | 土地 | 分布区域 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总量/104人 | 比例/% | 面积/104km² | 比例/% | |||
0~10 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 6.01 | 90.05 | 一江两河地区大部分区域 | |
11~50 | 5.81 | 5.68 | 0.20 | 3.04 | 距离河流较远的地区 | |
51~100 | 11.99 | 11.73 | 0.16 | 2.43 | 雅鲁藏布江日喀则、山南段支流部分县域乡镇,拉萨河堆龙德庆段支流区域 | |
101~300 | 45.93 | 44.94 | 0.26 | 3.92 | 年楚河、拉萨河及其支流两岸谷地 | |
301~500 | 8.21 | 8.03 | 0.02 | 0.33 | 雅鲁藏布江日喀则段和山南段及其支流零星城镇,拉萨河及其支流部分区域 | |
>500 | 29.76 | 29.12 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 拉萨河谷、泽当平原、年楚河流域(包括拉萨市城关区、日喀则市驻地、山南地区驻地乃东县泽当镇以及流域内县政府驻地) |
Fig. 2 The population density of YNL River Region图2 一江两河地区人口分布图 |
Tab. 2 The statistical table of the population in YNL River Region表2 一江两河地区各县人口统计表 |
地区 | 县名 | 土地 | 人口总数 | 人口密度/(人/km²) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积/104km² | 比例/% | 总量/104人 | 比例/% | ||||
拉萨市 | 城关区 | 0.01 | 0.78 | 18.03 | 17.64 | 345.47 | |
达孜县 | 0.01 | 2.04 | 2.89 | 2.82 | 21.15 | ||
曲水县 | 0.02 | 2.43 | 3.42 | 3.35 | 21.06 | ||
堆龙德庆县 | 0.03 | 3.99 | 4.94 | 4.83 | 18.47 | ||
林周县 | 0.05 | 6.72 | 5.97 | 5.84 | 13.26 | ||
尼木县 | 0.03 | 4.88 | 3.22 | 3.15 | 9.83 | ||
墨竹工卡县 | 0.06 | 8.23 | 4.91 | 4.80 | 8.90 | ||
日喀则地区 | 日喀则市 | 0.04 | 5.47 | 11.00 | 10.76 | 30.04 | |
江孜县 | 0.04 | 5.77 | 6.61 | 6.46 | 17.09 | ||
白朗县 | 0.03 | 4.17 | 4.69 | 4.59 | 16.78 | ||
拉孜县 | 0.05 | 6.72 | 5.31 | 5.19 | 11.79 | ||
南木林县 | 0.08 | 12.08 | 8.19 | 8.02 | 10.13 | ||
谢通门县 | 0.14 | 20.84 | 4.54 | 4.44 | 3.25 | ||
山南地区 | 乃东县 | 0.02 | 3.30 | 6.03 | 5.90 | 27.27 | |
贡嘎县 | 0.02 | 3.57 | 4.94 | 4.83 | 20.66 | ||
琼结县 | 0.01 | 1.54 | 1.90 | 1.86 | 18.39 | ||
扎襄县 | 0.02 | 3.20 | 3.92 | 3.83 | 18.29 | ||
桑日县 | 0.03 | 3.93 | 1.70 | 1.67 | 6.48 |
Fig. 3 The details of population distribution along theriver in YNL River Region图3 人口沿河分布细节图 |
Tab. 3 The relationship between population andrivers in YNL River Region表3 一江两河地区人口分布与河流关系 |
距河流的 距离/km | 人口总数/ 104人 | 占比/ % | 人口总数 累积/104人 | 人口累积 频率/% | 人口密度/(人/km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 20.92 | 25.43 | 20.92 | 20.46 | 54.53 |
2 | 19.20 | 23.35 | 40.12 | 39.25 | 52.60 |
3 | 14.05 | 17.09 | 54.17 | 53.00 | 39.68 |
4 | 9.72 | 11.81 | 63.89 | 62.51 | 28.01 |
5 | 6.05 | 7.36 | 69.94 | 68.43 | 18.14 |
6 | 3.91 | 4.75 | 73.85 | 72.25 | 11.90 |
7 | 2.54 | 3.08 | 76.38 | 74.73 | 8.12 |
8 | 2.15 | 2.62 | 78.54 | 76.84 | 7.18 |
9 | 1.96 | 2.38 | 80.49 | 78.75 | 6.92 |
10 | 1.75 | 2.13 | 82.24 | 80.46 | 6.52 |
Fig. 4 The simulation curve of relationship between population and rivers in YNL River Region图4 一江两河地区人口数量与河流关系的模拟曲线 |
Fig. 5 The simulation curve of relationship between population density and rivers in YNL River Region图5 一江两河地区人口密度与河流关系的模拟曲线 |
Fig. 6 The correlation evaluation map of population density and altitude in YNL River Region图6 人口密度与高程相关性评价图 |
Fig. 7 The relationship between total population andaltitude in YNL River Region图7 一江两河地区人口总数与高程的关系曲线 |
Fig. 8 The relationship between population density and altitude in YNL River Region图8 一江两河地区人口密度与高程的关系曲线 |
Tab. 4 The statistical table of land and population at different slopes in YNL River Region表4 一江两河地区坡度分级统计表 |
坡度/° | 土地 | 人口数量 | 人口密度/(人/km²) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积/104km² | 比例/% | 总量/104人 | 比例/% | 最大值 | 平均值 | |||
0~2 | 0.09 | 1.31 | 6.65 | 6.50 | 4070 | 77.58 | ||
2~6 | 0.48 | 7.22 | 34.02 | 33.29 | 4070 | 72.18 | ||
6~15 | 1.48 | 22.18 | 37.50 | 36.69 | 4274 | 25.91 | ||
15~25 | 1.90 | 28.46 | 13.66 | 13.37 | 3273 | 7.36 | ||
>25 | 2.72 | 40.82 | 10.38 | 10.15 | 3607 | 3.90 |
Fig. 9 The relationship between population andaspect in YNL River Region图9 一江两河地区各坡向人口分布情况 |
Tab. 5 The statistical table of land and population at different aspects in YNL River Region表5 一江两河地区不同坡向土地与人口统计表 |
坡向 | 土地数量 | 人口数量 | 人口密度/(人/km²) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积/104 km2 | 比例/% | 总量/104人 | 比例/% | 最大值 | 平均值 | |||
无坡向 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 112 | 8.58 | ||
北 | 0.78 | 11.75 | 14.44 | 14.13 | 4070 | 18.82 | ||
东北 | 0.86 | 12.88 | 14.06 | 13.75 | 4070 | 16.72 | ||
东 | 0.87 | 13.06 | 16.48 | 16.13 | 4274 | 19.34 | ||
东南 | 0.84 | 12.65 | 13.18 | 12.90 | 4070 | 15.97 | ||
南 | 0.75 | 11.21 | 11.69 | 11.44 | 4070 | 15.98 | ||
西南 | 0.86 | 12.82 | 11.50 | 11.25 | 3926 | 13.74 | ||
西 | 0.87 | 13.01 | 10.77 | 10.54 | 4041 | 12.69 | ||
西北 | 0.83 | 12.46 | 10.01 | 9.79 | 4070 | 12.31 |
Fig. 10 The correlation evaluation map of population and RLDS in YNL River Region图10 人口密度与地形起伏度的相关性评价图 |
Tab. 6 The statistical table of land and population at different RDLS in YNL River Region表6 一江两河地区不同地形起伏度下的土地和人口统计表 |
地形起伏度/m | 土地 | 人口数量 | 人口密度/(人/km²) | 人口累积频率/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积/104km² | 比例/% | 总量/104人 | 比例/% | 最大值 | 平均值 | ||||
0~200 | 0.13 | 1.97 | 18.03 | 17.64 | 4070 | 136.69 | 17.64 | ||
200~400 | 0.44 | 6.64 | 25.30 | 24.75 | 4274 | 56.79 | 42.39 | ||
400~600 | 1.39 | 20.81 | 23.54 | 23.03 | 4070 | 16.87 | 65.42 | ||
600~800 | 2.04 | 30.60 | 19.60 | 19.18 | 3273 | 9.56 | 84.60 | ||
800~1000 | 1.69 | 25.37 | 11.00 | 10.76 | 3926 | 6.47 | 95.36 | ||
1000~1200 | 0.75 | 11.20 | 3.48 | 3.41 | 3607 | 4.64 | 98.77 | ||
1200~1500 | 0.21 | 3.17 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 462 | 5.91 | 99.99 | ||
>1500 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 53 | 0.37 | 100.00 |
Fig. 11 The relationship between population andRDLS in YNL River Region图11 一江两河地区人口密度-地形起伏度分布 |
Fig. 12 The accumulative frequency of population andland area in YNL River Region图12 一江两河地区人口、土地面积-地形起伏度累积曲线 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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