Journal of Geo-information Science >
Turbidity Patterns Identification Based on Self-organizing Maps at Yellow River Estuary
Received date: 2018-01-15
Request revised date: 2018-03-19
Online published: 2018-08-24
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.91547107, 41428103.
Copyright
In the study of spatial and temporal changes of the turbidity, traditional methods largely depend on field survey, which needs considerable manpower and materials. And these models are limited in different regions and time periods. With the help of self-organizing map (SOM) clustering, typical turbidity patterns can be extracted from plenty of remote sensing imageries covering long time periods. It can also facilitate the analysis of intra-annual and inter-annual variations. Taking the Yellow River estuary as our study area, six turbidity patterns were revealed from 2000-2015 MODIS data. Two main turbid areas appeared on the turbidity feature maps, located in the western and southern Bohai Bay, and outside the estuary in north-western Laizhou Bay. Four patterns appeared annually, of which the turbid level in winter and spring is higher than that in autumn and summer. And during the last fifteen years, turbidity patterns have gradually changed from middle turbidity to Clean, showing a declining trend of the overall turbid level. The hydrological data from Yellow River, meteorological observation data of wind and wave on the sea surface and ocean dynamics in the estuary were combined to detect the contributing factors of turbidity patterns. Spatial distribution was mainly influenced by wind waves and ocean dynamics, such as tide and circulating current. And intra-annual changes of dominant turbidity pattern were mainly caused by wind and wave on the sea surface, while the influence of sediment transportation from Yellow River is only limited around the estuary. SOM clustering results were evaluated from two perspectives: calculation of statistic parameters for quantitative analysis and inversion of the concentration of total suspended matter in the study area in 2007 for comparison with empirical model. It showed that there were significant differences between SOM patterns, and this method could reveal similar turbid features as the empirical models do. Thus, SOM is an effective and indispensable method to identify turbidity patterns and can directly extract typical features from long time series remote sensing imageries. This method significantly facilitates the study on spatial and temporal variation of water turbidity in coastal areas, which is of great practical value for research on sediment transport and water utilization in complex water bodies.
SHEN Ming , WANG Siyuan , MA Yuanxu , SU Lihong , YOU Yongfa . Turbidity Patterns Identification Based on Self-organizing Maps at Yellow River Estuary[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2018 , 20(8) : 1190 -1200 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2018.180046
Fig. 1 Location of Yellow River basin and the study area图1 黄河流域和研究区位置图 |
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of a 3×4 two-dimensional self-organizing map图2 3×4 SOM网络结构示意图[27] |
Fig.3 Typical turbidity patterns图3 浑浊模式典型特征 |
Fig. 4 Intra-annual variation of turbidity pattern |
Fig. 5 Inter-annual variation of turbidity pattern图5 浑浊模式年际变化 |
Fig. 6 Turbidity patterns and corresponding hydrological features of Yellow River图6 不同浑浊模式对应黄河水沙特征 |
Tab.1 Correlation coefficient between monthly average wind and wave data and pattern frequency表1 月平均风浪与浑浊模式频率相关系数 |
高浑浊模式 | 中浑浊模式 | 低浑浊模式 | 清澈模式 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
最大风速/(m/s) | 0.345 | 0.598* | -0.400 | -0.402 |
平均风速/(m/s) | 0.401 | 0.628* | -0.488 | -0.429 |
极大风速/(m/s) | 0.046 | 0.335 | -0.460 | -0.034 |
海面风速/(m/s) | -0.002 | 0.416 | -0.083 | -0.440 |
海面风浪高度/m | 0.526 | 0.687* | -0.218 | -0.771** |
海面风浪周期/s | 0.633* | 0.543 | -0.132 | -0.549 |
注:* 在0.05水平上显著相关;**在0.01水平上显著相关 |
Fig. 7 Monthly average wind and wave data with corresponding dominant turbidity pattern图7 月平均风浪变化与对应主导浑浊模式 |
Fig. 8 Inter-annual variation of sea surface wind and wave with typical turbidity pattern图8 海面风浪年际变化与对应年典型模式 |
Fig.9 Scatter diagrams of statistical quartiles图9 四分位数(a)和四分位差(b)散点图 |
Fig.10 TSM distribution near the Yellow River estuary in 2007图10 黄河口附近海域2007年泥沙悬浮物分布 |
Tab.2 SOM classification results of 2007 validation data表2 2007年验证数据SOM分类结果 |
模式类别 | 月份 |
---|---|
中浑浊模式 | 1、2、3、11、12 |
低浑浊模式 | 10 |
清澈模式 | 4、5、6、7、8、9 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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