Journal of Geo-information Science >
Urban Tourism Itinerary Planning from a Spatiotemporal Perspective
Received date: 2019-02-14
Request revised date: 2019-04-14
Online published: 2019-06-15
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41301144, 41571382
Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province, No.15KJA420001
Copyright
Traditionally, tourism itinerary planning is implemented as a spatial arrangement issue, which lacks the consideration of the spatiotemporal coupling and the flexibility for tourists to make choices. In this paper, the understanding of the itinerary planning problem was extended from the perspective of space to the perspective of tourist activities. From the time-space coupling relationship and reconstruction mode of tourism nodes, the multi-dimensional attributes such as time, space, and topic involved in the travel were organically organized, and then the travel's spatiotemporal chain was proposed. The conceptual model and the method of space-time convergence of the stroke elements. The proposed method was applied to the case study of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province of China. Results show that the match between the model and the traditional itinerary design method in terms of node name, number of nodes, and node order exceeds 80%, indicating good methodological reliability. Compared with existing itinerary planning studies, this research took the basic information of the itinerary (such as travel time, cost budget, departure place, destination, etc.) as the precondition, and considered the travel itinerary from the perspective of tourists. Specifically, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the tourist nodes were organically integrated. While satisfying the spatial order of tourist routes, the rationality of the time arrangement of each tourism element was also considered. The proposed algorithm is mainly used to serve independent tourists. Meanwhile, this algorithm has the advantage of arranging route and schedule flexibly. It should be noted that the specific application of the model is still constrained by the basic travel itinerary conditions. The flexibility of the proposed model for meeting tourists' individualized needs is currently not strong. Considering that tourists' demands are in reality often changing during traveling, it is necessary to further optimize the adaptability, flexibility, and stability of the proposed model.
CAO Yang , GE Junlian , LONG Yi , ZHANG Ling . Urban Tourism Itinerary Planning from a Spatiotemporal Perspective[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019 , 21(6) : 814 -825 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.190062
Fig. 1 Spatiotemporal linkages of travel itinerary图1 旅游行程链时空衔接关系示意 |
Tab. 1 Spatial model types of travel itinerary表1 旅游行程链的空间模式类型 |
序号 | 行程链模式 | 具体描述 |
---|---|---|
1 | HS+H | 无目的地旅游模式,从家出发游玩后回到家过夜,多为一日游类型 |
2 | HOH或 HS+OH | 单目的地旅游模式,从家出发前往过夜目的地,途中游览(多个)景点 |
3 | HS+O+H | 多目的地旅游模式1,过程中穿插多个旅游节点和过夜目的地 |
4 | HS+OS+OH | 多目的地旅游模式2,过程中以某一过夜目的地为驻点,环游周边景点 |
注:H代表出发地;O代表过夜目的地;S代表旅游节点(包括食、住、行、游、购、娱等各类旅游兴趣点);+ 符号代表同一类型的多个节点。 |
Fig. 2 Reconstruction patterns of travel itinerary图2 旅游行程链重构模式 |
Fig. 3 Logical flowchart of the proposed travel itinerary planning model图3 旅游行程链模型构建逻辑思路 |
Fig. 4 Illustration of generating the optimal travel itinerary that considers spatiotemporal coupling图4 顾及时空统一性的最优旅游路径生成示意 |
Tab. 2 Hierarchical segmentation rules of travel itinerary表2 旅游日程层次化切分规则 |
时段分类 | 切分形式 | 切分原则 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|
自然天 | 以每天24 h为切分单元,从而对总出游时间进行分解 | 考虑到旅游者在多天的旅游行程中需要安排晚间住宿休息,而住宿事件对整体旅游全过程也起到中断作用 | 通过量化不同类型节点游览的标准时段,方便进行日程安排,也方便进行时间片段的动态调整(以10 min为最小时间单位对整日时间进行标准活动时段切分,将早餐时段划分为30 min ;午餐时段60 min;晚餐时段30 min ;上午游览时段180 min ;下午游览时段180 min ;晚间游览时段约120 min ) |
半天 | 将每日单元划分为“上午段”、“下午段”以及“晚间段”3部分 | 考虑到旅游者早餐、午餐、晚餐活动对整体游览行为的中断作用,将每天的整体时间划分为上午段、下午段和晚间段;(考虑到旅游行业的特殊性,晚间时段一般也被整体用于安排娱乐、购物和部分夜间景区的游览活动,因此也归纳为半天时段范畴) | |
节点 | 将上午段划分为早餐时段、上午游览时段、午餐时段;将下午段划分为下午游览时段和晚餐时段;将晚上段划分为晚上游览时段和住宿时段 | 针对不通过半天时段游客所进行的不同活动内容,进一步划分为游览时段、餐饮时段、住宿时段3类活动时段 |
Tab. 3 Different types of urban tourist nodes表3 不同类型城市旅游节点梳理 |
节点类型 | 节点描述 | 节点特征 | 时间配置 |
---|---|---|---|
景区节点、购物节点、娱乐节点(游览类节点) | 该类节点构成了旅游行程的主要功能,是行程规划的核心要素 | 游客在该类节点中一般耗时较长,通常需要满足基本的游览时间 | 时间可灵活调整,属于时长浮动类节点 时间可灵活调整,属于时长浮动类节点 |
餐饮节点、住宿节点(生活类节点) | 该类节点主要满足游客基本需求,是重要程度仅次于游览类节点的辅助类节点 | 该类节点一般安排于主要旅行线路附近,以保障游览活动的流畅性 | |
交通节点 (交通类节点) | 该类节点作为支撑行程安排的必要道路连接,是保障行程中游客移动的重要支撑 | 受到道路通行条件、路段复杂度、道路拥挤程度等因素影响 | 时间相对固定,属于时长固定类节点 |
Fig. 5 Travel schedule compression diagram in the case of adding a node图5 添加节点情况下旅游日程压缩示意 |
Fig. 6 Flowchart of the time allocation on each node图6 节点游览时长安排流程 |
Fig. 7 Travel itinerary planning system图7 旅游行程规划系统 |
Tab. 4 Sequential screening scheme of travel nodes in Nanjing that considers spatial-topological relationships表4 顾及空间拓扑关系的南京市节点游览顺序筛选方案 |
顾及钟山风景区景点拓扑关系的节点筛选顺序 | 顾及整体游览最短路径距离的节点筛选顺序 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
筛选顺序 | 景区名称 | 与前节点道路距离/km | 筛选顺序 | 景区名称 | 与前节点道路距离/km |
1 | 中山陵 | - | 1 | 中山陵 | - |
2 | 明孝陵 | 3.6 | 2 | 灵谷寺 | 3.5 |
3 | 灵谷寺 | 5.6 | 3 | 总统府 | 9.4 |
4 | 南京博物院 | 6.5 | 4 | 玄武湖 | 4.1 |
5 | 瞻园 | 5.6 | 5 | 夫子庙 | 6.2 |
6 | 中华门 | 1.1 | 6 | 大屠杀纪念馆 | 5.2 |
Fig. 8 Travel itinerary planning scheme in Nanjing that considers spatial-topological relationships of the zhongshan scenic area and the overall tour path图8 顾及钟山风景区与整体游览路径空间拓扑关系的南京市旅游线路规划方案 |
Tab. 5 Time schedule of travel itinerary in Nanjing that considers spatial-topological consistency表5 顾及时空一致性的南京市旅游日程安排 |
时间段 | 节点名 | 交通时间/min | 到达时间 | 一般用时/min | 规划用时/min |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
早餐 | 待定 | 0 | 07:00 | 60 | 60 |
上午 | 中山陵 | 0 | 08:00 | 90 | 75 |
明孝陵 | 5 | 09:20 | 120 | 100 | |
灵谷寺 | 10 | 11:10 | 60 | 50 | |
午餐 | 鸿运酒楼 | 10 | 12:10 | 90 | 65 |
下午 | 梅园新村 总统府 | 15 | 13:30 | 60 | 88 |
5 | 15:03 | 120 | 177 | ||
晚餐 | 农家乐 | 5 | 18:00 | 90 | 75 |
晚上 | 夫子庙 | 10 | 19:30 | 150 | 120 |
住宿 | 如家酒店 | 10 | 21:10 | 570 | 560 |
注:此处交通时间是指该节点与上一节点间交通时间,以5 min为单位;景区一般用时与规划用时以分钟为单位,一般用时是指旅游者在节点游玩时的常规游玩时间,单位设定为分钟,规划用时是指系统推荐给旅游者的系统规划时间,单位设定为分钟。 |
Fig. 9 Space sequence of travel itinerary in Nanjing that considers spatial-topological consistency图9 顾及时空一致性的南京市旅游空间线路安排 |
Tab. 6 Match between the planned routes and travel agencies routes in Nanjing (%)表6 不同条件规划结果与旅行社线路匹配度(以南京为例) |
匹配类型 | 经典1日游 | 经典2日游 | 经典3日游 | 星级优先 | 景点最多 | 费用最少 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
节点名称匹配度 | 90 | 87 | 86 | 95 | 88 | 93 |
节点数量匹配度 | 94 | 89 | 85 | 90 | 83 | 87 |
节点顺序匹配度 | 87 | 85 | 81 | 89 | 80 | 84 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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